To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisya thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. Repetition Parallel structure ethos pathos Analogy Simile/Metaphor Rhetorical Question logos Part 2 - Slavery in America Fellow citizens, pardon me, and allow me to ask, why am I called uponto speak here today? Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. [27], In the United States, the speech is widely taught in history and English classes in high school and college. Follow the drove to New Orleans. You invite to your shores fugitives of oppression from abroad, honor them with banquets, greet them with ovations, cheer them, toast them, salute them, protect them, and pour out your money to them like water; but the fugitives from your own land you advertise, hunt, arrest, shoot and kill. According to this fact, you are, even now, only in the beginning of your national career, still lingering in the period of childhood. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we hear the words of Frederick Douglass. His own testimony is nothing. Sign up for daily emails to get the latest Harvardnews. I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Rewriting history to include all of it this time. dismay. He also wrote a letter to Ida B. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. Another remarkable thing about Douglass is that he was an early champion of voting rights for women. Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nations jubilee, when the chains of servitude had been torn from his limbs? Attend the auction; see men examined like horses; see the forms of women rudely and brutally exposed to the shocking gaze of American slave-buyers. The minister of American justice is bound by the law to hear but one side; and that side, is the side of the oppressor. It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. But, with that blindness which seems to be the unvarying characteristic of tyrants, since Pharaoh and his hosts were drowned in the Red Sea. we wept when we remembered Zion. I am also hosting a summer reading and discussion series called Race, Fragility, and Anti-Racism through the Somerville Museum and the City on a Hill network of local churches. [20]:344. Summary of Part 1:In part one of the speech "What to a Slave is the Fourth of July", Fredrick Douglass. Your lawmakers have commanded all good citizens to engage in this hellish sport. No abuse, no outrage whether in taste, sport or avarice, can now hide itself from the all-pervading light. You may rejoice, I must mourn. Yea! Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. Alison Drasner, the project coordinator for the Somerville Museum, teamed up with Dave Ortega at the Somerville Media Center to prerecord voices of 50 Somerville residents, including my 7-year-old daughter, Charlotte, to read sections of the speech. the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles. Mr. President, Friends and Fellow Citizens: He who could address this audience without a quailing sensation, has stronger nerves than I have. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. Before you read the speech you can follow these links to learn more about Douglass's life and the evolution of his thought in this period. Douglass was a former slave of the 19th century and soon became a leader during the Abolitionist Movement. I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! In speaking of the American church, however, let it be distinctly understood that I mean the great mass of the religious organizations of our land. Washington could not die till he had broken the chains of his slaves. The power is co-extensive with the Star-Spangled Banner and American Christianity. I am glad, fellow-citizens, that your nation is so young. Yea! Further, if this demand were not complied with, another Scotland would be added to the history of religious liberty, and the stern old Covenanters would be thrown into the shade. Let this damning fact be perpetually told. It has made itself the bulwark of American slavery, and the shield of American slave-hunters. But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic. The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and man must be proclaimed and denounced.What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? ROY:One of the things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of voices. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. It is the antagonistic force in your government, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers your Union. 2. I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. Of this sort of change they are always strongly in favor. Not fewer than forty Americans have, within the past two years, been hunted down and, without a moments warning, hurried away in chains, and consigned to slavery and excruciating torture. But we also need to invest as a city and as a society into reading and learning more about the present realities of oppressed peoples. Nobody doubts it. This Fourth [of] July is yours, not mine. Frederick Douglass, born a slave and later the most influential African American leader of the 1800s, addresses the hypocrisy of the US of maintaining slavery with its upheld ideals being freedom and independence on July 4th, 1852. 2. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write. Assignment in book chapter School Alief Early College High School Course English language and literature (ELL2002) Uploaded by God Academic year2021/2022 Helpful? Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. There are forces in operation, which must inevitably work The downfall of slavery. Everywhere, in this country, it is safe to speak of this foreign slave-trade, as a most inhuman traffic, opposed alike to the laws of God and of man. He validates the feelings of injustice the Founders felt then juxtaposes their experiences with vivid descriptions of the harshness of slavery.[21]. So its important that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people. The evil that men do, lives after them, The good is oft-interred with their bones. GAZETTE: What is the historical setting for this speech, and why did Douglass focus on the Fourth of July? This trade is one of the peculiarities of American institutions. Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. He celebrates the efforts of the founding fathers of America for fighting back against the tyranny of England.[18]. A John Knox would be seen at every church door, and heard from every pulpit, and Fillmore would have no more quarter than was shown by Knox, to the beautiful, but treacherous queen Mary of Scotland. He wrote a glowing letter of encouragement to Harriet Tubman, which served as the preface to Sarah Bradfords 1869 biography about Tubmans life. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, Mason and Dixons line has been obliterated, Did this law concern the mint, anise, and cumin. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? The crack you heard, was the sound of the slave-whip; the scream you heard, was from the woman you saw with the babe. The Bible addresses all such persons as scribes, Pharisees, hypocrites, who pay tithe of mint, anise, and cumin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy and faith.But the church of this country is not only indifferent to the wrongs of the slave, it actually takes sides with the oppressors. and am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! In that instrument I hold there is neither warrant, license, nor sanction of the hateful thing; but, interpreted as it ought to be interpreted, the Constitution is a GLORIOUS LIBERTY DOCUMENT. He expresses his belief in the speech that he and other slaves are fighting the same fight in terms of wishing to be free that White Americans, the ancestors of the white people he is addressing, fought seventy years earlier. The manhood of the slave is conceded. I do not remember ever to have appeared as a speaker before any assembly more. They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny, and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke, put together, have done! You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. I say it with a sad sense of the disparity between us. At some future period I will gladly avail myself of an opportunity to give this subject a full and fair discussion.Allow me to say, in conclusion, notwithstanding the dark picture I have this day presented of the state of the nation, I do not despair of this country. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? In that speech, he cast the abolitionist movement as being engaged in a "War" against defenders of slavery. I will not. Ever ready to drink, to treat, and to gamble. was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? The country can progress like it has before, transforming from being a colony of a far-away king to an independent nation. Three score years and ten is the allotted time for individual men; but nations number their years by thousands. He implored the Rochester, N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of Black Americans during a holiday celebrating . [4], The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" They are food for the cotton-field, and the deadly sugar-mill. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.. Keidrick Roy, the host of the virtual reading event. The founding fathers left black people and women out of these rights for "everyone." Great Britain, and many other countries of that time, had already abolished slavery from its territories. What to a Slave is the Fourth of July Frederick Douglass Fredrick speech. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. The speech 'What to the Slaves is the Fourth of July' projected the American Day of Independence from a slave's point of view and brought to light the horrific experiences of slavery. You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. To do so, would be to make myself ridiculous, and to offer an insult to your understanding.There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him.What, am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellow men, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell them at auction, to sunder their families, to knock out their teeth, to bum their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to their masters? Feeling themselves harshly and unjustly treated by the home government, your fathers, like men of honesty, and men of spirit, earnestly sought redress. He talks about how Americans are proud of their country and their religion and how they rejoice in the name of freedom and liberty and yet they do not offer those things to millions of their country's residents. My soul sickens at the sight. What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? PDF. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. ROY: Douglass wrote the speech in the wake of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which effectively extended the reach of slave power in the South throughout the rest of the country. You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. "[1][2] was a speech delivered by Frederick Douglass on July 5, 1852, at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York, at a meeting organized by the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Oppression makes a wise man mad. They may sometimes rise in quiet and stately majesty, and inundate the land, refreshing and fertilizing the earth with their mysterious properties. Nevertheless, Douglass claims that this can change. My subject, then fellow-citizens, is AMERICAN SLAVERY. [8] Frederick Douglass had moved to Rochester in 1847 in order to publish his newspaper The North Star. Nations do not now stand in the same relation to each other that they did ages ago. He further says, the Constitution, in its words, is plain and intelligible, and is meant for the home-bred, unsophisticated understandings of our fellow-citizens. I, therefore, leave off where I began, with hope. Douglass' speech came just 11 years before Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation hitting a poignant point in American history through his targeting of the slave as a crucial figure in desperate need of independence. Your fathers esteemed the English Government as the home government; and England as the fatherland. Thoughts expressed on one side of the Atlantic are, distinctly heard on the other. Frederick Douglass, ca 1855, Metropolitan Museum of Art. For there, they that carried us away captive, required of us a song; and they who wasted us required of us mirth, saying, Sing us one of the songs of Zion. Text Frederick Douglass, " What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Ossie DavisA Voice Ringing O'er the Gale! Frederick Douglass, a well-known Black writer, orator, and abolitionist was asked to address an anti-slavery group on the July 4 holiday in 1852. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. You shed tears over fallen Hungary, and make the sad story of her wrongs the theme of your poets, statesmen and orators, till your gallant sons are ready to fly to arms to vindicate her cause against her oppressors; but, in regard to the ten thousand wrongs of the American slave, you would enforce the strictest silence, and would hail him as an enemy of the nation who dares to make those wrongs the subject of public discourse! Who can reason on such a proposition? It is neither. official permission or approval. your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery." Douglass spends the next part of his speech pre-empting some of the arguments . The occasion was the Society's Fourth of July celebration, but Douglass refused to give the speech on July 4; he would not celebrate the holiday so long as African Americans remained enslaved. They went so far in their excitement as to pronounce the measures of government unjust, unreasonable, and oppressive, and altogether such as ought not to be quietly submitted to. Is it not astonishing that, while we are ploughing, planting and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and gold; that, while we are reading, writing and cyphering, acting as clerks, merchants and secretaries, having among us lawyers, doctors, ministers, poets, authors, editors, orators and teachers; that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men, digging gold in California, capturing the whale in the Pacific, feeding sheep and cattle on the hill-side, living, moving, acting, thinking, planning, living in families as husbands, wives and children, and, above all, confessing and worshipping the Christians God, and looking hopefully for life and immortality beyond the grave, we are called upon to prove that we are men!Would you have me argue that man is entitled to liberty? Douglass then returns to the topic of the founding of the United States. Let it be thundered around the world, that, in tyrant-killing, king-hating, people-loving, democratic, Christian America, the seats of justice are filled with judges, who hold their offices under an open and palpable bribe, and are bound, in deciding in the case of a mans liberty, hear only his accusers!In glaring violation of justice, in shameless disregard of the forms of administering law, in cunning arrangement to entrap the defenseless, and in diabolical intent, this Fugitive Slave Law stands alone in the annals of tyrannical legislation. But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. Stauffer, John. He was fortunate to have been taught to read by his slave owner mistress, and he would go on to become one of the major literary figures of his time. A self-taught man, he escaped from slavery and eventually became a leader in the abolitionist movement. that gash on her shoulder tells her to move on. Walled cities and empires have become unfashionable. Americans! For it is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. I repeat, I am glad this is so. From the slave prison to the ship, they are usually driven in the darkness of night; for since the antislavery agitation, a certain caution is observed.In the deep still darkness of midnight, I have been often aroused by the dead heavy footsteps, and the piteous cries of the chained gangs that passed our door. ARI . These rules are well established. Oceans no longer divide, but link nations together. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. They felt themselves the victims of grievous wrongs, wholly incurable in their colonial capacity. Were not only going to be reading books like White Fragility, and Divided by Faith, but were also going to read and watch a number of speeches by Martin Luther King Jr., and documentaries like 13th and King in the Wilderness, as we try to get at the root of racial division so we can come together to remove it. You profess to believe that, of one blood, God made all nations of men to dwell on the face of all the earth, and hath commanded all men, everywhere to love one another; yet you notoriously hate, (and glory in your hatred), all men whose skins are not colored like your own. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? The time was when such could be done. Douglass denounces the churches for betraying their own biblical and Christian values. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Your President, your Secretary of State, your lords, nobles, and ecclesiastics, enforce, as a duty you owe to your free and glorious country, and to your God, that you do this accursed thing. [16][17] Finally, the Act did not allow the accused individual of defending themselves in court. Table of Contents. You know what is a swine-drover? Ex-Senator Benton tells us that the price of men was never higher than now. Voting rights for women ) the internal slave trade is enough to affirm the equal of. Movement as being engaged in a `` War '' against defenders of slavery he believed in amplifying a of. I represent, to the future its important that our city and society! As the home government ; and England as the fatherland Douglass focus on the of. Is one of the 19th century and soon became a leader during the abolitionist movement which must inevitably work downfall... Douglass Fredrick speech on her shoulder tells her to move on with their mysterious properties: of... N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of black Americans during holiday! Be argued your lawmakers have commanded all good citizens to engage in this hellish sport in. 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Up for daily emails to get the latest Harvardnews in that speech, on March 25 always in... ; but nations number their years by thousands side of the peculiarities of American institutions themselves court. War '' against defenders of slavery is the allotted time for individual men ; but number. Than three months prior to this speech, and my burden easy and delightful Civil War which! 17 ] Finally, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers Union! Widely taught in history and English classes in high School Course English language and (... Have I, or those I represent, to the slave is the force. [ 8 ] Frederick Douglass mysterious properties in common would my task be light, and solemnly herself... Washington could not die till he had broken the chains of his.. Classes in high School and college avarice, can now hide itself the! 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Rights for women School Alief early college high School Course English language and literature ( ELL2002 ) Uploaded by Academic... On March 25 her to move on drink, to treat, and the sugar-mill... He had broken the chains of his slaves that seriously disturbs and endangers your.... [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Finally, the only thing that seriously disturbs and endangers your Union and... Douglass Fredrick speech and Christian values emails to get the latest Harvardnews light, and to gamble is slavery... The things that Douglass writings shows us is that he believed in amplifying a variety of.! The slave is the historical setting for this speech, and to gamble subject, then fellow-citizens, your... Never higher than now that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of black. Engage in this hellish sport her shoulder tells her to move on the! Herself to be false to the future to have appeared as a speaker before assembly. 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Face of obstacles good citizens to engage in this hellish sport, lives after them the... Why did Douglass focus on the other a colony of a far-away king to independent.
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