[196], The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of Saipan, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. [220], One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 1914 by New Zealand forces. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000(according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. Zug wrote, "what is and is not part of the Pacificparticularly the western Pacificis variously delimited", adding that "a majority viewpoint accepts the landmasses of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and eastern Australia, which face the open waters of the Pacific, as its western edge." ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. Australia was also not included, as it was settled several thousands of years before the arrival of Austronesian-speaking peoples in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [284], Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate (Kppen climate classification: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia ( Australia and New Zealand ), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the South Pacific region. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. 7 30 N, 134 30 E. Map references. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. Currently operating APSTAR-5C, APSTAR-6C, APSTAR-7, APSTAR-9, and APSTAR-6D (operated by associated company APSatcom), APT Satellites has a satellite fleet covering Asia (including the Middle East), Oceania, Europe, and Africa, where 75% of the world's population lives. Portuguese explorers, between 1512 and 1526, reached the Tanimbar Islands, some of the Caroline Islands and west New Guinea. [15], The arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. [193], The original inhabitants of the group of islands now named Melanesia were likely the ancestors of the present-day Papuan-speaking people. [404] Australia and New Zealand were responsible for the flat white coffee. Source: UN (World Population Prospects 2019) Date: 23 Aug 2021: Top Statistics Olympics Medal Table 2020. [1] Table [ edit] Oceanian population by country (top 8). The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia.[1]. For forecasted years, the U.N. medium-fertility variant is used. Fishing provides a major industry for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many fishing areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. Despite centuries of European influence, Samoa maintains its historical customs, social and political systems, and language. [258] The two species of Brighamia B. rockii and B. insignis are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. The data is given as of 1st of January of an year. [378][379] Within Australian political culture, the Coalition is considered centre-right and the Labor Party is considered centre-left. A minority percentage of the population practices traditional religions. Population growth through agriculture ii. It should be noted thatin the Anglo-Saxon continental model this continent is called only Australia(differentiating it from the country of the same name), and the Pacific islands are not usually included in it. [216][217], French Catholic missionaries arrived on Tahiti in 1834; their expulsion in 1836 caused France to send a gunboat in 1838. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. While in most of the English-speaking world Oceania is described as a geographical region, outside of the English-speaking world Oceania is described as one of the continents. [236][237], The Pacific Plate, which makes up most of Oceania, is an oceanic tectonic plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. [67] The 1982 edition of the South Pacific Handbook, by David Stanley, groups Australia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and Hawaii together under an "Anglonesia" category. [221], Under a four subregion model, the islands of Oceania extend to New Guinea in the west, the Bonin Islands in the northwest, the Hawaiian Islands in the northeast, Easter Island and Sala y Gmez Island in the east, and Macquarie Island in the south. ", Field listing GDP (official exchange rate), "How Fitch, Moody's and S&P rate each country's credit rating", "Statement on Monetary Policy (November 2013)", "2014 Quality of Living Worldwide City Rankings Mercer Survey", "Happy birthday Melbourne: 181 and still kicking! [184][183], Indigenous Australians are the original inhabitants of the Australian continent and nearby islands who migrated from Africa to Asia c. 70,000 years ago[185] and arrived in Australia c. 50,000 years ago. Yet the total land area of the islands is very smallonly some 324,000 square miles (840,000 square kilometers). The population of Australia in 2022 was 26,177,413, a 0.99% increase from 2021. "[91] It added there was controversy over the exact limits of Oceania, saying that, "scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject". Samoan male dances can be more snappy. [181] The islands are typically grouped with others in the southeastern Pacific that were never inhabited by Polynesians. "[30] The Handbook of Religion (2014) states that it was "introduced by westerners" and in the 19th century helped describe "a sociopolitical reality of the islands of the southwest Pacific and Australia. [165] Conversely, New Caledonia has still had a similar history to the rest of Melanesia, and their French-speaking Europeans make up only 27% of the total population. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. [432], By 1500 BCE the Lapita culture, descendants of the second wave, would begin to expand and spread into the more remote islands. Due to external migration, the population increased by 214,649. However, Tyler included other Pacific islands in his book as well, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Bonin Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, California's Channel Islands and Farallon Islands, Canada's Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii), Chile's Chilo Island, Ecuador's Galpagos Islands, Mexico's Guadalupe Island, Revillagigedo Islands, San Benito Islands and Tres Maras Islands, and Peru's Chincha Islands. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. [384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. [336] Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii began in 1899 when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two hurricanes, causing a worldwide shortage of sugar and a huge demand for sugar from Hawaii. Further excluded are East Timor and Indonesian New Guinea/Western New Guinea, areas which are biogeographically or geologically associated with the Australian landmass. [69] Hawaii had not yet become a U.S. state in 1947, and as such was part of the original UN definition of Oceania. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. [250][251][252][253][254], Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. [354][355], New Zealand has a large GDP for its population of 5.2 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. The states of Hong Kong and Malaysia, located in both mainland Asia and marginal seas of the Pacific, are also excluded, as is the nation of Brunei, which shares the island of Borneo with Indonesia and Malaysia. Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, French Polynesia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and Human Development Index,[8][9] to the much less developed economies of Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Western New Guinea,[10] while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Fiji, Palau, and Tonga. Population The indigenous population in the numerous economic and habitat areas of Oceania is steadily declining. Earthquakes are common, though usually not severe, averaging 3,000 per year. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. Two years later, Australia's Celebrity Survivor was filmed at the same location used by the U.S. Oceania population is comparable to 0.54% of the overall world population . [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. [56][57] The Nazca Plate, which includes Easter Island, neighbors the South American Plate, and is still considered to be a separate tectonic plate, despite only containing a handful of islands. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. There are 18 peaks of more than 3000 metres (9800ft) in the South Island. Thus, Oceania most commonly refers to the land areas of the South and Central Pacific. [418], The national cuisine has been described as Pacific Rim, incorporating the native Mori cuisine and diverse culinary traditions introduced by settlers and immigrants from Europe, Polynesia and Asia. In: Christidis, L., Boles, W., 2008. Tonga. Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Nauru and Palau all have no presence, primarily due to lack of infrastructure and logistical difficulties related to Micronesia's remoteness. Oceania is the name that designates the insularcontinentmade up of the continental shelf of Australia, New Zealand, the islands of New Guinea and the archipelagos of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. 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