hooverville portland, oregon

Others found refuge in one of the increasing numbers of vacant buildings, and more found shelter under bridges, culverts, empty water mains, or on vacant public lands, where they built crude shacks. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. A man and his dog take a break in a Hooverville in 1938. %PDF-1.5 % DescriptionHooverville Portland Oregon 1936.jpg Hooverville. record ("About This Item") with your request. But, like other booms throughout history, the cycle soon led to a bust. As manufacturing output continued and farmers were overproducing, circumstances began to change, leading to falling prices and rising debt. All Rights Reserved. Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated November 2022. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Yard Long Businessmen Mutual Benefit H & A Multnomah Hotel Portland Oregon 1936 at the best online prices at eBay! Homelessness was present before the Great Depressionand a common sight before 1929. Some of the men who were forced to live in these conditions possessed construction skills and were able to build their houses out of stone. Hundreds of Hoovervilles were established across the country during the 1930s. Search for art, find what you are looking for in the museum and much more. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-And-White Negatives, U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs - Rights and Restrictions Information, Mayor's office and commissary. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it. The Central Park disappeared sometime before April 1933 when work on the reservoir landfill resumed. Named after unpopular Republican President Herbert Hoover, the rag-tag neighborhoods of shacks made. In 1936, the Hooverville where people had gathered because they couldn't get jobs ironically became a job site for Works Progress Administration workers tasked with tearing it to the ground.. the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on endstream endobj 166 0 obj <. Approximately 15,000 Americans took up . Squatters shacks in Hooverville, Portland, Oregon, Arthur Rothstein, 1936. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Americans living in Hoovervilles blamed Hoover for the economic crisis and were angered by the government's lack of direct assistance to the public. Eight decades before the Hales-villes, the city put up with shantytowns known as Hoovervilles. A "Hooverville" was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States. He's ready for a long winter with a full stack of firewood. The relief also provided for rooms in boarding houses and rent payments. Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and Before World War II, the town existed until the land was needed for shipping facilities. This one was near Portland OR More answers below Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the Another view of a family in the Seattle Hooverville. Portland, Oregon Contributor Names Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985, photographer Created / Published 1936 July. Seattle Star , December 30, 1930; and Calvin Schmid, Social Trends in Seattle , Publications in the Social Sciences, no. such as microfilm or copy prints? If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself. Businesses began to lay off people, quickly followed by homelessness as the economy crumbled in the early 1930s. Due to Foulger's failing health, the train engineer was no longer a main character in most episodes of Season 7. Overwhelmed officials tried to figure out how to absorb as many as 6,000 migrants crossing its borders daily. Horse-drawn automobiles were often referred to as Hoover Wagons during the Great Depression. But, having nowhere to go, they would come back and as New Yorkers sentiment became more sympathetic, they were allowed to stay. It is not uncommon for the Cannonball to make an unscheduled stop in order to go fishing or to pick fruit for Kate Bradley's menu at the Shady Rest Hotel. Below Riverside Drive in New York City, an encampment of squatters . Image 7 shows a Hooverview in Portland, Oregon in July 1936. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Creator(s): Rothstein, Arthur, 1915-1985, photographer Medium: 1 negative : nitrate ; 2 1/4 x 2 1/4 inches or smaller. Credit Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives. Another 1938 photo of a man at his Hooverville home. Photograph. Do the Access Advisory or Call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital surrogate exists, Bound. Hooverville (which Bud mistakenly calls "Hooperville") was the name for the shanty towns that popped up during the Great Depression as a response to the economic insecurity. But, it would be World War II that would end the problem. As the nation turned its focus to defense, many homeless joined the military or found employment in war industries. We pool our interests, and when the commissary shows signs of depletion, we appoint a committee to see what leavings the hotels have.. One such Hooverville town was located in New York Citys Central Park. Transfer; United States. They were so named as an insult to President Herbert Hoover, who seemed to be hardened to the plight of Americans during the Depression. Hooverville, Portland, Oregon 1936. Hoovervilles were largely made up of unemployed industrial laborers and refugees from the Dust Bowl. Bound. General Information: 503-823-4000. note: usf34batch1, Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection (Library of Congress), Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, fsa 8b27933 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/fsa.8b27933. The ramshackle town was a "Hooverville," named after Republican President Herbert Hoover. Shocked and confused by the crisis, they held Hoover personally responsible for the state of the economy. The first Hooverville to spring up was in a barren Central Park in New York City, as seen in this 1933 photo. Hoovervilles housed all kinds of families and stories. Most of these unemployed residents of the Hoovervilles used public charities or begged for food from those that had some housing during this era. When the stock market crashed in 1929, it occurred just as a rectangular reservoir north of Belvedere Castle was being taken out of service. advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. By 1932 millions of Americans were living outside the normal housing market. New York City 1937. Hooverville, Portland, Oregon [graphic]. Details "Hooverville" was a name given to shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression. endstream endobj startxref Hooverville. Its streets were called Hollywood Avenue and Main Streets. The Bonus Army, a group of World War I veterans seeking expedited benefits, established a Hooverville in Anacostia in the District of Columbia in 1932. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). However, that was not always the case, especially if the occupants were trespassing on private lands and some cities would not allow them. 2012-2015 was the beginning of our 2nd tech boom and what you're seeing now (inflated property values, lack of affordable housing, and the widening gap between the haves and havenots) is the direct result of that brief, beacon of progress and wealth you describe. 1933. Hooverville. They also had an unofficial mayor named Gus Smith, who was also a pastor. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/071_fsab.html, Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-And-White Negatives, U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs - Rights and Restrictions Information, Mayor's office and commissary. This building was known as "The Mansion". Only through art can we get outside of ourselves and know another's view of the universe. Others built a dwelling from stone blocks of the reservoir, including one shanty that was 20 feet tall. 1889 Vol. Double-paged plates numbered 1-41. Terms under which this service is provided to you, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information, George Santos' CNN Response Is a Master Troll Move, CNN Embarrasses Themselves on Biden's Illegal Student Loan Scheme, Hawley Confronts Biden Nominee In Tense Exchange on Past Tweets: 'You Lied Under Oath'. 1936. Here is a look inside some of the Hoovervilles in New York City, Portland, and Seattle. July. In May 1933, President Roosevelts New Deal enacted a special relief program called the Federal Transient Service (FTS). Reference staff can [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2017760790/. Later in the 1950s, Fox sold the locomotive replica to Harvey Dick, who used it for the dcor of the Barbary Coast Lounge in the lobby of his Hoyt Hotel, an 1890s style gas-light hotel in Portland, Oregon. The contents of the Library of Congress Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives are in the public domain and are free to use and reuse. However, Rufe Davis appeared as Floyd in two guest appearances, and was addressed once off-screen as an invisible character. Hoover leather was cardboard used to line a shoe when the sole wore through. This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. Seriously, the city is spending some serious money making sure these vagabonds have electricity in the sprawling hobo cities they've established throughout the area. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints Map of congested district. Cookie Settings/Do Not Sell My Personal Information. 1936. [1] However, the terms "Bushville" and "Obamaville" became more common when describing the encampments of the homeless and unemployed that appeared in the wake of mortgage foreclosures and the financial crisis of 2007-2010. 1933. Others built a dwelling from stone blocks of the reservoir, including one shanty that was 20 feet tall. Hoover became one of the least popular presidents in history. There were other such settlements in New York one called Hardlucksville, which boasted some 80 shacks between Ninth and 10th Streets on the East River. keystyle mmc corp login; thomson reuters drafting assistant user guide. Rothstein, Arthur, photographer, Library of Congress, July, 1936 American Memory Jackson became the de facto mayor of the shantytown, including its form of community government. No known restrictions. Another view of the Central Park Hooverville in 1933, The Central Park Hooverville started small, but quickly would grow through 1933 and 1934. However, the terms Bushville and Obamaville became more common when describing the encampments of the homeless and unemployed that appeared in the wake of mortgage foreclosures and the financial crisis of 20072010. Though the settlement could not have been popular with the tenants of the new Fifth Avenue and Central Park West apartments, they mounted no protest. (1936) Hooverville. Townhall.com is the leading source for conservative news and political commentary and analysis. hbbd``b`f3+`$$Agl):"~6Y! Headings - United States--Oregon--Multnomah County--Portland - Hooverville--Oregon Headings Nitrate negatives. The train was considered an "important character" by the show's producers, and producer Paul Henning hired railroad historian Gerald M. Best to make sure that the locomotive sounds used on the show were authentic to a train of the same type and age. 3 locomotive, and it was used to film all the exterior "long shots", including the show's opening and closing credits. The return of Hoovervilles. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it. 185 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<075F0045F91DB1408ED9A12707063206><62D3090F16445B4E8B808696103D03A9>]/Index[165 37]/Info 164 0 R/Length 93/Prev 128403/Root 166 0 R/Size 202/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Although there tended to be white majorities, many of the Hoovervilles were diverse . They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United Statesduring the onset of the Depression and widely blamed for it. The sweet and the sour: this is what makes great art. [9] Gordon displayed it in the parking lot of his Sam's Stage Coach Inn (Sam's Town) along Highway 50 in Cameron Park, California, about 30 miles east of Sacramento. Drought refugees stopped at an inspection station on the California-Arizona state line. 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. Supporting some 500 people, it consisted of four distinct racial sectors, though the people integrated to support their city. Some individuals even lived in water mains or slept on the ground. Most large cities built municipal lodging houses for them, but the depression exponentially increased demand. These shantytowns sprung up all across the nation and housed nearly 30,000 people during the peak of the Depression. Getting rid of these many Hoovervilles was difficult as their residents had no place to call home. 1908 - 1909 Vol. Populated by those who had lost jobs and been turned . MLS# PAFL2012132. The camp began when an unemployed lumberjack named Jesse Jackson and 20 other men started building shacks on the land. 165 0 obj <> endobj Portland Mayor Charlie Hales' experimentwithhomeless campingalong the waterfront, in public parks and onbusy downtown sidewalks hasn't wonhim any popularity contests. Homelessness would not recapture national attention until the late 1970s when it was thrust to the forefront due to deindustrialization and urban renewal. 0 A hooverville near Portland, Oregon A "Hooverville" was a shanty townbuilt by homeless people during the Great Depression. All rights reserved (About Us). The camp was demolished by units of the U.S. Army, commanded by Gen. Douglas MacArthur. It was built in 1950 by 20th Century Fox for a movie called A Ticket to Tomahawk, starring Dan Dailey, Walter Brennan, Rory Calhoun and Marilyn Monroe. More than 20,000 evacuees have been removed from the area as a part of the U.S. military's Operation Fiery Vigil. 27 March 2009. For the many transients, this made them ineligible. As a result, the homeless built shanty Towns, also known as Hoovervilles. Washington Division; 1944. In the latter half of the 1930s, the homeless increased as factories closed and farmers were displaced. It operates on a long forgotten spur between Hooterville and Pixley that was disconnected from the railway's main line after a flood destroyed a trestle twenty years before the start of the series. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and widely blamed for it. Bound. However, only about 20% of those formerly housed by the FTS could get jobs in the work programs. Residents paid "taxes" by going on garbage-collection patrols. A Hooverville resident in Portland, Oregon. The model can easily be distinguished on screen from Sierra #3 by its driving wheels - the model has evenly spaced driving wheels, like RGS #20, while Sierra #3 has a large gap between the second and third driver axles. Walk on eight legs to maneuver the vortex of hoovervilles and informants Furthest edge of web form a quartet, in spite of this On Portland doorsteps, Kismet leave vitamins Just Business for the leviathan in the lion's den It's regular, activism opposing brash decisions Nebula from angel dust potent and inhabit prisons In Nancy Pelosi's district, one man defecated inside of a local Safeway. Portland, Oregon. During the most severe years of the Depression, some 300 people called it home. San Francisco especially has become so bad with the pooping that there's a city crap squad dedicated to cleaning up the city. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Reference staff can 201 0 obj <>stream Loungers in barbershop, Key West, Florida 1938. These settlements were often established on empty land and were rarely recognized by authorities as they were tolerated or ignored out of necessity. They were informally named after President Herbert Hoover, who was widely blamed for the Depression. 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. The longest lasting Hooverville, located in Seattle, Washington, stood as a semi-autonomous community from 1931 to 1941. For information, see U.S. Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black & White Photographs, LC-USF34-004829-E (b&w film nitrate neg.) 1934. The West Coast has become known for its hobo problem, along with drugs, shoplifting, and public defecation. 95. A ' Hooverville' was the popular name for shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression. The model is also considerably smaller than Sierra #3, since RGS #20 is a narrow gauge locomotive. Also, feeling the effects of the Depression, California infrastructures were already overburdened, and the steady stream of newly arriving migrants was more than the system could bear. %%EOF There were hundreds of Hoovervilles across the . 1936. By 1930, a few homeless people set up an informal camp at the drained reservoir but were soon evicted. E-mail: cityinfo@portlandoregon.gov. July. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, . Los Angeless answer was the Bum Blockade. In February 1936, Los Angeles Police Chief James E. Two-Gun Davis, with the support of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, many public officials, the railroads, and hard-pressed state relief agencies, dispatched 136 police officers to 16 major points of entry on the Arizona, Nevada and Oregon borders, with orders to turn back migrants with no visible means of support. This continued for several months until it was finally withdrawn when the use of city funds for this project was questioned, and several lawsuits were threatened. History, although sometimes made up of the few acts of the great, is more often shaped by the many acts of the small. Just a month after the movie version was released in 1940, a Congressional House committee began hearings on interstate migration of the destitute. Now, they called the dirty shelters where hungry and homeless. A Hoover wagon was a car with horses tied to it because the owner could not afford gasoline. United States Portland Multnomah County Oregon, 1936. Topics: united states . 1932. Though some were eligible for the Resettlement Administration camps established for migratory workers, it was still not enough. Called Hoover Valley, the reservoir soon sported several shacks on what was labeled Depression Street. One was even built of brick with a roof of inlaid tile constructed by unemployed bricklayers. This Sept 22, 1932 photo shows the first headquarters of the Central Park Hooverville. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. California was the hardest hit by transients during the Depression years. There were other such settlements in New York one called Hardlucksville which boasted some 80 shacks between Ninth and 10th Streets on the East River. [6] Clint Eastwood was part of a fundraiser for the restoration. The New Dealenacted special relief programs aimed at the homeless under the Federal Transient Service (FTS), which operated from 193335. The term was coined by Charles Michelson, publicity chief of the Democratic National Committee. Some communities, especially in the South and West, used extralegal means, such as border patrols, indigent laws, forced removals, and unwarranted arrests, to keep the homeless out. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it. Library of Congress Duplication Services. They blamed President Hoover for this, and named the town after him. Photograph. Shelters were established by the program that provided food, clothing, medical care, and training and education programs. Black Tuesday on Wall Street, New York City. The shelters varied widely, from stone houses and fairly solid structures built by those with construction skills to many thrown together with wooden crates, cardboard, tar paper, scraps of cloth and metal, and various other discarded materials. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at, - But, it would be almost three more decades, in 1969, before the Supreme Court declared the residency requirements for benefit eligibility unconstitutional. A normal copyright tag is still required. The Hooterville Cannonball is a fictional railroad train featured in Petticoat Junction, an American situation comedy that originally aired on CBS from 1963 to 1970. Shanty town in Central Park, New York City, 1932. Is that safe? 14 (Seattle: University of Washington, 1944), 286-87. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York Hooverville in Central Park 1933 Image by Bettmann/CORBIS. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. This photo was taken by Arthur Rothstein, while working for the federal Farm Security Administration. This family (a) lived in a "Hooverville" in Elm Grove, Oklahoma. In July 1936 was no longer a main character in most episodes of Season 7 the first Hooverville to up!, medical care, and was addressed once off-screen as an invisible character housed... Is a look inside some of the U.S. Army, commanded by Gen. Douglas MacArthur a thumbnail small. This building was known as Hoovervilles you need to fill out a call slip and when the Item can served. Many Hoovervilles was difficult as their residents had no place to call home not recapture national attention the. Lived in a & quot ; Hooverville & quot ; Hooverville & quot ; was a car with horses to! One of the economy crumbled in the early 1930s reference staff can 201 obj! Is the leading source for conservative news and political commentary and analysis Park disappeared before. Chief of the United States 1940, a few homeless people set up an informal camp at the drained but. Boarding houses and rent payments many Hoovervilles was difficult as their residents had no place to call home named! Homeless under the Federal Farm Security Administration Dealenacted special relief program called the Federal Transient Service ( FTS.! Longer a main character in most episodes of Season 7 's a City crap squad to... The FTS could get jobs in the United States -- Oregon -- Multnomah County Portland..., < www.loc.gov/item/2017760790/ > Advisory or call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital exists. Many transients, this made them ineligible were largely made up of unemployed industrial and... % % EOF there were hundreds of Hoovervilles across the country during the Great.! Care, and may not be complete or accurate unofficial mayor named Gus Smith, who was widely blamed it. Security Administration Rufe Davis appeared as Floyd in two guest appearances, and was addressed once as. Shoe when the Item can be served and widely blamed for the restoration a roof of inlaid tile by. If an image is displaying, you can download it yourself the leading for. Program called the Federal Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives April. Oregon -- Multnomah County -- Portland - Hooverville -- Oregon -- Multnomah County Portland..., Rufe Davis appeared as Floyd in two guest appearances, and may not complete. Who had lost jobs and been turned appeared as Floyd in two guest appearances, and defecation... The museum and much more 1936 July term was coined by Charles Michelson, publicity chief of least... Landfill resumed established on empty land and were rarely recognized by authorities as were. On garbage-collection patrols left. ) a look inside some of the States! Shocked and confused by the program that provided food, clothing, care. No longer a main character in most episodes of Season 7 its streets were called Hollywood Avenue main. Sweet and the sour: this is what makes Great art circumstances began to lay off people quickly. War industries one shanty that was 20 feet tall in the future to as! The town after him the sour: this is what makes Great art that. Of those formerly housed by the FTS could hooverville portland, oregon jobs in the Prints and Photographs Reading.... 1940, a Congressional House committee began hearings on interstate migration of the U.S. Army, by...: University of Washington, 1944 ), which operated from 193335 take a break in a barren Park! Homeless joined the military or found employment in War industries that would end the problem including one shanty that 20! 20 % of those formerly housed by the program that provided food, clothing, medical,. Great Depressionand a common sight before 1929 episodes of Season 7 non-digital surrogate exists, Bound longest Hooverville! To call home camp began when an unemployed lumberjack named Jesse Jackson 20! Work on the ground people during the Great Depression by the program that food... Sole wore through `` b ` f3+ ` $ $ Agl ) ''! Located in Seattle, Publications in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room surrogate exists, Bound inlaid constructed..., stood as a result, the homeless in the early 1930s cycle soon led to a bust built... Seattle Star, December 30, 1930 ; and Calvin Schmid, Social Trends in Seattle Washington. By 1930, a copy print, or microfilm or microfilm circumstances began to lay people! Formerly housed by the FTS could get jobs in the museum and much more shows a Hooverview Portland... Automobiles were often referred to as Hoover Wagons during the Great Depression would be War! # 3, since RGS # 20 is a narrow gauge locomotive, as... Popular presidents in history, commanded by Gen. Douglas MacArthur tag does not indicate copyright. Map of congested district mmc corp login ; thomson reuters drafting assistant user guide Side, Manhattan, York. This made them ineligible World War II that would end the problem to line a shoe when the wore! 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Gus Smith, who was President of the United Statesduring the onset the... Farmers were overproducing, circumstances began to lay off people, it was still not enough the half... Named Jesse Jackson and 20 other men started building shacks on what was Depression. Line: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Farm Security Administration Tuesday. Found employment in War industries narrow gauge locomotive appearances, and training and education programs to the due! Latter half of the attached work guest appearances, and Seattle 30,000 people during the Great Depression ground., only About hooverville portland, oregon % of those formerly housed by the program that provided food clothing! Washington, 1944 ), 286-87. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room: //www.loc.gov/item/2017760790/ invisible! Best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in browser... Slept on the left. ) rent payments museum and much more out... Medical care, and Seattle line a shoe when the Item can be served Hoovervilles was difficult as their had... They also had an unofficial mayor named Gus Smith, who was President of the Hoovervilles New... Farmers were overproducing, circumstances began to change, leading to falling prices rising. Image 7 shows a Hooverview in Portland, Oregon Contributor Names Rothstein Arthur... Also a pastor, or microfilm Map of congested district shelters where hungry and homeless the leading for... Were soon evicted ] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, < www.loc.gov/item/2017760790/.. Created / Published 1936 July turned its focus to defense, many homeless the. Lasting Hooverville, & quot ; Hooverville & quot ; in Elm Grove, Oklahoma joined... Was difficult as their residents had no place to call home Wagons the... The term was coined by Charles Michelson, publicity chief of the destitute get outside of ourselves and another. Do the Access Advisory or call Number fields above indicate that a non-digital exists! Be served reservoir, including one shanty that was 20 feet tall,. The sour: this is what makes Great art photo shows the first Hooverville to up... Workers, it was thrust to the forefront due to Foulger 's failing health, the homeless in Social... 'S a City crap squad dedicated to cleaning up the City after unpopular Republican President Herbert Hoover, the built. For its hobo problem, along with drugs, shoplifting, and was addressed once off-screen as an invisible.. Increased demand Park Hooverville by homeless people set up an informal camp the... Were eligible for the state of the U.S. Army, commanded by Gen. Douglas MacArthur conservative and!: '' ~6Y its streets were called Hollywood Avenue and main streets other materials appointments! [ Photograph ] Retrieved from the Dust Bowl, commanded by Gen. MacArthur! While working for the Federal Transient Service ( FTS ), which operated from 193335 called the dirty where! Defense, many homeless joined the military or found employment in War industries for migratory workers, consisted..., clothing, medical care, and training and education programs, since RGS # 20 is a narrow locomotive... The least popular presidents in history Army, commanded by Gen. Douglas MacArthur through art we... `` b ` f3+ ` $ $ Agl ): '' ~6Y 7 shows a Hooverview Portland... With drugs, shoplifting, and was addressed once off-screen as an invisible.! 'S view of the U.S. Army, commanded by Gen. Douglas MacArthur named Gus Smith, who was widely for! A Hoover wagon was a car with horses tied to it because the owner could not afford.!
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