Signup as a free member below and you'll be brought back to this page to try the sample materials before you buy. In addition, the timing of treatment administration must coincide with the regulation and the subsequent production of the target factor during the infection process. 2.15 (i): Understand the uses of genetic screening, including the identification of carriers, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal testing, including amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling High-quality assessments: Unbeatable support, First teaching: 2015 The chloride channel is made from a protein called, (CFTR) protein. Going through the ppt I recognised your style from some revision materials I purchased some time back which were also very good. As you can see numbers rise and fall. Use of artificial intelligence in the design of small peptide antibiotics effective against a broad spectrum of highly antibiotic-resistant superbugs. 2.15 (ii): Understand patterns of inheritance, including the interpretation of genetic pedigree diagrams, in the context of monohybrid inheritance * The mechanism of action and the specificity of enzymes 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. ; Tzanov, T.; Li, S.D. Mycobacterium abscessus is an opportunistic pathogen that mainly colonizes and infects cystic fibrosis patients’ lungs. It affects about 1 person in 2000. ; Zelazny, A.M. Antimicrobial peptides against drug resistant, Trentini, M.M. ; Aksamit, T.; Carvalho, A.C.C. As you can see the percentage is falling. High-quality assessments: Unbeatable support . Donnelly, L.E. 8. If there. registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, * The process of protein synthesis 2.14 Understand how the expression of a gene mutation in people with cystic fibrosis impairs the functioning of the gaseous exchange, digestive and reproductive systems. How do family and peers affect decisions about clothing? Everything that you need to pass A-level Biology. Naomi graduated from the University of Oxford with a degree in Biological Sciences. 6.10: Understand how one gene can give rise to more than one protein through posttranscriptional changes to messenger RNA (mRNA). In writing, describe what conclusions you can reach about yourself. * The meaning of key genetic terms Due to the detail included in each of these lessons, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 2 months of allocated teaching time to cover the content. longman foundation science for gcse Download eBook PDF EPUB. But in CF, the thick, sticky mucus and the germs it has trapped remain in the lungs, and the lungs become infected. Cystic Fibrosis is UKs most common life threatening inherited disease [1]. A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place. I have come to the end of my case study hope you enjoyed it, thank you. A full range of published resources is available to support the delivery of our Biology qualifications. 3.18: Understand how cells become specialised through differential gene expression, producing active mRNA, leading to the synthesis of proteins which, in turn, control cell processes or determine cell structure in animals and plants A Feature The cystic fibrosis patients are normally between 10 and 20. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive Kutateladze, M.; Adamia, R. Bacteriophages as potential new therapeutics to replace or supplement antibiotics. Fast expert advice. Single Award: 2 x 1 hr 45 minute papers worth 80 marks each (15% of grade each) 10% of qualification comes from a practical exam not assessed in the . This is achieved through the wide variety of tasks in the PowerPoints and accompanying worksheets which include exam-style questions with clear answers, discussion points, differentiated tasks and quick quiz competitions. 2.13 (i): understand the process of protein synthesis (transcription and translation), including the role of RNA polymerase, translation, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomes and the role of start and stop codons People with cystic fibrosis have a shorter life expectancy, with the average being around 31 years [3]. 2.5 (i): Know the basic structure of mononucleotides (deoxyribose or ribose linked to a phosphate and a base, including thymine, uracil, cytosine, adenine or guanine) and the structures of DNA and RNA (polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked through condensation reactions) CFTR is a type of protein classified as an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter or traffic ATPase. ; Essi, L.; de Campos, M.M.A. Cystic Fibrosis is UKs most common life threatening inherited disease [1]. We are very short of teaching time so I will abbreviate it but still keep the logical steps which are very well put. This graph shows the age profile of all patients aged under and above 6 years. It is caused by a recessive mutation in a gene located on chromosome 7. Thus, new . The mucus becomes thick, sticky, and hard to move. 2. - 10-20% of a mother's DNA is the embryos, 'the greatest good for the greatest number', traditional virtues: justice, prudence (wisdom), temperance (moderation), fortitude (courage), faith, hope and clarity, A-Level Biology Edexcel A (Salters) : 1 - Lif, AQA A Level Chemistry - Organic Synthesis, AQA A Level Chemistry - Iodine Clock Reaction, AQA A Level Psychology - Relationships d - Fi. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Clofazimine inhalation suspension for the aerosol treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. . interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. This shows a section through the cell membrane of a lining (epithelial) cell. They have been successfully used to treat a plethora of diseases, from cancer to infections and as putative wound dressing [, Recently, those tools have been also investigated as putative weapons against, One example is gallium-based nanoparticles, which showed significant results in blocking, The efficacy of liposome encapsulated rifampicin compared to free rifampicin, in an ex vivo, Nanoniosomes are vesicles with a composition similar to that of the cell membrane (named niosomes) that have been loaded with antibiotics or lignin-silver nanoparticles. ; Lucidi, V.; et al. It affects organs in the body, particularly the lungs and digestive system, which become clogged with sticky mucus, making it difficult to breathe and digest food. ; Kremer, L. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria and the rise of. ; Rogasi, P.G. ; Bach, H. Targeting intracellular mycobacteria using nanosized niosomes loaded with antibacterial agents. Energy Flow, Ecosystems & the Environment, 5.3 Photosynthesis: Light-Dependent Stage, 5.4 Photosynthesis: Light-Independent Stage, 5.7 Separation of Photosynthetic Pigments with Chromatography, 5.8 Core Practical 10: Rate of Photosynthesis, 5.14 Core Practical 11: Quadrat & Transect Study, 5.18 Carbon Cycle & Environmental Management, 5.19 Models for Predicting Climate Change, 5.21 The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Reactions, 5.22 Core Practical 12: Effect of Temperature on Development, 5.23 Mutation, Natural Selection & Evolution, 5.25 Contentious Issues in Environmental Science, 5.26 Examples of Sustainable Conservation, 6.2 Measuring the Growth of Microorganisms, 6.4 Core Practical 13: Rate of Growth of Microorganisms, 6.5 Comparison of Bacterial & Viral Structure, 6.12 Pathogens vs Hosts: An Evolutionary Race, 6.14 Core Practical 14: The Effects of Different Antibiotics, 6.20 Types of Data Provided by Forensic Analysis, 7. Here you'll find everything you need to prepare for A level Biology A including our specification and sample assessment materials. What happens if there is too little water in an unaffected person's airways? ; Ogbonna, D.; Ferro, B.E. 5 Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene. Chan, B.K. Cystic fibrosis affects over 7,500 people in the UK [2]. The nnn find similar garments in a pattern catalog. Cystic fibrosis is a disorder caused by a gene mutation. The person has problems gaining weight, even with a normal diet and a good appetite. These proteins transport molecules such as sugars, peptides, inorganic phosphate, chloride, and metal cations across the cellular membrane. ; das Neves, R.C. Cystic fibrosis also affects the digestive system. Cystic fibrosis is classified according to the effect of the mutation on the CFTR protein. What are the 2 types of epithelial cells? What are the treatment for cystic fibrosis? 2.6 (i): Understand the process of protein synthesis (transcription) including the role of RNA polymerase, translation, messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomes and the role of start and stop codons 6.4: Know how DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Please let us know what you think of our products and services. ; Herrmann, J.L. IVF used if have family history of CF as tested at 8 cells before insertion to avoid abortion If you want to see what we offer before purchasing, we have a free membership with sample revision materials. ; Iaccarino, J.M. Locate the section on student dress in your school handbook. registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, Antimycobacterial activity of a new peptide polydim-i isolated from neotropical social wasp, Silva, J.C.; Neto, L.M. ; Cristinziano, M.; Freeman, K.G. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, In this context, drugs already used against, To date, there is not a consolidated standard drug regimen to treat MABSC infections, although the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the European Cystic Fibrosis Society published consensus recommendations for the management of NTM in patients with CF [. 3.19: Understand how one gene can give rise to more than one protein through posttranscriptional changes to messenger RNA (mRNA). Randomised phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DOXIL/CAELYX) versus doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. ; Silva, L.P.; Mortari, M.R. ; Pasca, M.R. ForSee this and similar jobs on LinkedIn. ; MacDonald, S.D. KMBT C454 20160622123319. Brannon, J.R.; Hadjifrangiskou, M. The arsenal of pathogens and antivirulence therapeutic strategies for disarming them. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Fruciano, D.E. ; Turner, P.E. Answers > Biology > A Level > Article Explain how cystic fibrosis affects digestion, gas exchange and reproduction. 3.14 (i): Phenotype is an interaction between genotype and the environment Li, B.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, Q.; He, S.; Fan, J.; Xu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, W.; Chu, H. Antibacterial peptide RP557 increases the antibiotic sensitivity of, da Silva, J.L. ; Weimann, A.; Everall, I.; Bryant, J.M. One possible drawback is the extreme specificity of phages in targeting bacteria; thus, bacterial susceptibility is needed prior to choosing the suitable phage(s) [, Furthermore, a variation in MABSC phage susceptibilities was found [, The most important issue to solve is the possible resistance to phages induced by the treatment. Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Database. The different ways Cystic Fibrosis is treated can be found in the following sections: - to help clear the lungs of mucus, which attracts infection, - beneficial as a form of physiotherapy and for general health, - the different inhaled and intravenous drugs taken to clear mucus and fight infections, - enzyme tablets to help digest food and dietetic information [7]. At the same time, the development of new. Brogden, K.A. ; Lima, L.D. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. This disrupts the essential balance of salt and water that is needed to maintain a normal thin coating of fluid and mucus inside the lungs, pancreas, and passageways in other organs. Thank you for such detailed feedback and really pleased to hear that this is the second time you've purchased some of my resources and been very happy! ; Anggard, E.E. Due to the detailed content of this lesson, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 3 hours of allocated A-level teaching time to cover. 30 terms. [, The identification and evolution of antimicrobial compounds used as therapeutic means was a revolutionary discovery. ; et al. How does cystic fibrosis affect the reproductive system? ; Yu, C.T. Then determine whether each is a need or a want. Combined host- and pathogen-directed therapy for the control of. This gene codes for the production of chloride ion channels required for secretion of sweat, mucus and digestive juices, A mutation in the CFTR gene leads to production of, The result is that the body produces large amounts of, and can block airways which limits gas exchange. It is a genetic disorder that particularly affects the lungs and digestive system, and it makes a person more vulnerable to repeated lung infections. * Globular and fibrous proteins using haemoglobin and collagen as examples As well as explaining that this channel allows chloride ions to flow across the apical membrane of the epithelial cells, time is taken to emphasise the importance of its inhibition on the ENaC, which prevents the flow of sodium ions back into the cells. ; Daher, W.; Kremer, L. Verapamil Improves the Activity of Bedaquiline against, Vesenbeckh, S.; Schnfeld, N.; Roth, A.; Bettermann, G.; Krieger, D.; Bauer, T.T. Cara is passionate about Biology and creating resources that bring the subject alive and deepen students' understanding, Gene duplication is an important mechanism by which, This gene codes for the production of chloride ion channels required for secretion of sweat, mucus and digestive juices, A mutation in the CFTR gene leads to production of, The result is that the body produces large amounts of, The CFTR gene is large and a mutation in any part of the gene can cause cystic fibrosis, Around 1000 different mutations that can lead to cystic fibrosis have been identified, though some only occur very rarely, All of the mutations that cause cystic fibrosis are recessive, and can block airways which limits gas exchange. ; Ortega-Rivera, O.A. ; Chan, E.D. This lesson bundle contains 16 lessons which have been designed to cover the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) specification points which focus on the structure of DNA and RNA, their roles in replication and protein synthesis, and genetics and inheritance. 2.14 (i): Understand how errors in DNA replication can give rise to mutations (substitution, insertion and deletion of bases) Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, the average probability of inheriting Cystic Fibrosis is 0.0015. a. Bento, C.M. - can lead to designer babies CFTR transports chloride ions (Cl-) ions across the membranes of cells in the lungs, liver, pancreas, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and skin. Plants and fungi extracts are largely used in medicine as antimicrobials, such as penicillin. These authors equally contributed to the work. De Voss, J.J.; Rutter, K.; Schroeder, B.G. ; et al. ; Wallace, R.J., Jr. A novel gene, erm(41), confers inducible macrolide resistance to clinical isolates of. A Science teacher by trade, I've also been known to be found teaching Maths and PE! Int. ; Bocca, A.L. With normal CFTR, once the protein is synthesized, it is transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus for additional processing before being integrated into the cell membrane. 2.12: Know that a gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain If you have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and cannot perform this role . Cystic fibrosis makes people sick by disrupting the normal function of epithelial cells - cells that make up the sweat glands in the skin and that also line passageways inside the lungs, liver, pancreas, and digestive and reproductive systems. IBO was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, the resources created by Save My Exams. 2.13 (ii): Understand patterns of inheritance, including the interpretation of genetic pedigree diagrams, in the context of monohybrid inheritance Recent advances on antimicrobial wound dressing: A review. * Understand how the rate of diffusion can be calculated using Fick's Law of Diffusion Iron acquisition and metabolism by mycobacteria. What happens if there is too little water in the airways of an individual with cystic fibrosis? ; Magombedze, G.; Srivastava, S.; Deshpande, D.; Gumbo, T. Systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of chemotherapy on pulmonary, Chen, J.; Zhao, L.; Mao, Y.; Ye, M.; Guo, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Li, B.; Chu, H. Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Used to Treat, Nash, K.A. Simoes, D.; Miguel, S.P. ; Coppee, J.Y. These contain the genes that help to determine how cells grow and function. Opportunities for developing mathematical skills within this topic include calculating areas of circumferences and areas of circles, surface areas and volumes of rectangular blocks and spheres, using ratios, fractions and percentages, plotting two variables from experimental or other data, determining the slope and intercepts of a linear graph, understand that y=mx+c represents a linear relationship, drawing and using the slope of a tangent to a curve as a measurement of rate of change, understanding simple probability and completing a statistical test. * The movement of free water molecules by osmosis ; Rendon, A.; Franco, I. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections. ; Saffery, R.; Ranganathan, S. Gene modifiers of cystic fibrosis lung disease: A systematic review. 1) Chloride ions are pumped into the epithelial cell causing a concentration gradient and the CFTR channel protein opens 2) Chloride ions diffuse into the mucus through the CFTR protein 3) This closes the ENaC 4) The build up of chloride ions creates an electrical gradient so sodium ions diffuse into the mucus between the gaps in epithelial cells . ; Aksamit, T.; Brown-Elliott, B.A. For instance, the simultaneous presence of several redundant VFs in some species could only be addressed by the combined use of different compounds. This disrupts the essential balance of salt and water that is needed to maintain a normal thin coating of fluid and mucus inside the lungs, pancreas, and passageways in other organs. Cystic fibrosis is a Genetic Disease, this means its inherited from there parents. 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