A great example was when he told her that he loved her, during an intervention held by his kids but quickly covered it up. They are best friends and trust each other completely. Stabler had, over the course of his career, suffered a host of injuries and faced a number of incidents; some of which have even threatened his job and his life. While investigating the eco-terrorist hideout Dana accidentally took the pinout of one of the explosives in a crate, resulting in the destruction of the house and Stabler being thrown back by the explosion and a subsequent concussion. He was often referred to as "El" (instead of Elliot) by many people such as his partner, Olivia Benson, Captain Cragen, Kathy Stabler, and others. (SVU: "Smoked"), Though the subsequent investigation would decide that it was a "good shoot", due to Stabler's history of lethal actions throughout his career (deemed high even by his former captain) and his general stubbornness about going to mandated counseling before being allowed to return, there was doubt on whether or not he would return. [56], Stabler has occasionally seen aspects of himself in a child abuser; during one case, the actions of an abusive parent prompt him to recall an incident in which he lost his temper and raised a hand to his daughter Maureen, who was a toddler at the time. This was the second time that he had been hospitalized while working with Agent Lewis. Stabler rejects her help, but tells her he loves her.[25][62]. After double-crossing McClane and leaving him to die, Wheatley demands Richie's release from prison, a private jet to take him and Angela out of the city, and Stabler admitting to "framing" him for Kathy's murder on livestream. In 1994, Kathy Stabler, the wife of Elliott Stabler, was killed in a car bombing. (SVU: "Burned") Benson instantly believed her, while Stabler thought she might be lying. In April of that same year, Stabler was held at gunpoint for several minutes in a warehouse by sadistic serial killer Victor Paul Gitano. In October 2005, Stabler encountered former partner Pete Breslin, whose son Luke was the prime suspect in an assault case. (SVU: "Shaken"), Stabler often connected with child victims on a fatherly basis and had been very willing to use physical force to apprehend a suspect that he believed to have harmed a child. Stabler brought in Luke, who had been at his friend's house and threatening to commit suicide when Stabler explained that Pete was still alive. Marlowe was a lieutenant in 1995 when she left the NYPD after her command decision resulted in the deaths of two of her officers. With help from Bell and Slootmaekers, he soon learns that the drug dealer he and Donnelly robbed worked for Webb. Assistant District Attorneys: Alexandra Cabot Casey Novak Kim Greylek Rafael Barba Peter Stone Dominick Carisi, Jr. Most notably is an instance in October of 2010 when Elliot faked a hallucinogenic breakdown, leading to him being found in contempt and a subsequent visit to the hospital, in order to have a recess declared so he could relay pertinent information to the prosecution. Info Pelatihan 2021 2022 | Informasi Jadwal Training 2021 2022 | BBM TRAINING AND CONSULTING [23], In the aftermath of Kathy's murder, Stabler takes Eli (Nicky Torchia) to live with him, although he is rarely home. (SVU: "Victims"), He had not been issued a passport until an investigation required him to travel to the Czech Republic in 2003. [37] Darman develops real feelings for Bernadette, but unwittingly helps Wheatley kidnap her and hold her hostage as part of his master plan to force Stabler to make a false confession to framing him for Kathy's murder. Munch fell to the floor after being shot, to which Stabler shot and killed Rawlings. [42] When assassin Natalie Dumont (Adrienne Walker) tries to kill Stabler on orders from Webb's wife Cassandra (Jennifer Beals), he arrests her and makes a deal with her to inform on the Marcy Killers in return for a lighter prison sentence. Instead, Stabler, traumatized by Jenna's death, decided to formally retire, much to the regret of Benson. Donnelly in turn sets Stabler up to be killed during a fake robbery, but Stabler manages to escape and track down Donnelly, who commits suicide by stepping in front of a moving train. [12] Stabler, Bell, Detective Diego Morales (Michael Rivera), Detective Freddie Washburn (Ben Chase), and technician Jet Slootmaekers (Ainsley Seiger) zero in on Wheatley's criminal empire, which is smuggling COVID-19 vaccine. It later turns out that Dickie is acting out because his friend, Shane, has been murdered. Kathy's pregnancy continued to progress normally, and Kathleen did not receive jail time for her DUI conviction but was sentenced to community service. He joined the NYPD in 1986[5] or 1989,[6] according to conflicting statements given in different episodes. They were close enough for Pete to be familiar with Kathy. [29], Stabler finds out that Briscu is closeted, and murdered his male lover to keep from being outed. (SVU: "Victims") He even threatened a perp for killing his family and lover, before being devastated by his reasoning that he walked out to regain his mind. At one time, Benson was briefly reassigned to the Computer Crimes division and replaced by a Queens SVU detective, Lucius Blaine. Series creator Dick Wolf named SVU's two lead detectives after his son, Elliot, and his daughter, Olivia. [14], Stabler was a Marine and served in Operation Desert Storm. While Elliot is normally mindful and respectful of the rules inside of a courtroom, he is not above making an exception if they conflict with him being able to provide information that will aid in a case. One bullet passed clean through his chest but did not damage any vital organs, while the other lodged in his bicep and had to be removed. [38] Stabler refuses to absolve Wheatley of Kathy's murder, however, and manages to rescue his mother. He also went to the Catholic Sisters of Mercy School. from Queens College, which he obtained by going to night classes. Stabler has been hurt ten times in the line of duty. In the Organized Crime Task Force, Stabler is partnered with Sergeant Ayanna Bell (Danielle Mon Truitt). Knowing that Donovan had spent the majority of his nineteen-year incarceration in solitary confinement he requested that the charges be dropped. . His father bailed him out when a group of rich students jumped him in college, but he beat them all back. Meanwhile, Bell threatens to take Stabler off the task force, but he manages to persuade her and their superiors to give him two more days to prove Wheatley's guilt, offering to resign from the NYPD if he fails. This became obvious when three women were charged with raping a male stripper; Benson and Assistant District Attorney Alexandra Cabot were quick to come to the man's aid, while Stabler took a cynical view of his claim from the start. Benson refused to shoot Gitano, as doing so would have put Stabler's life in even more danger. In January 2005, Elliot fractured his ribs. [3][74][75] Meloni's spin-off was initially slated for a fall release; plans for the series, however, were delayed to 2021. One of Elliot's best friends died in the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks that took place in 2001. When Benson and his family held an intervention, he denied having a problem. ", "Mega Buzz: Tiva Time on NCIS? [46] Following a case involving a divorce that turned violent, Stabler signs the divorce papers, saying, "when love warps to hate, there's nothing you won't do. Because of his actions, Donovan was sentenced with the charge of attempted murder of an officer. Tommy refused to get tested, but owed Stabler for dropping the charges so Stabler used it to convince him to meet a young boy named Kyle who was recovering from brain cancer after getting treated against his parents' wishes. Kathy's life appeared to be in jeopardy but she survived. [25] Stabler and Angela are instantly attracted to one another, and nearly sleep together until Stabler pulls back, realizing that he is crossing professional lines and that he is not ready for a new relationship. In November 2004, Stabler was forced by Captain Cragen to take sick time in lieu of being suspended for refusing to seek counseling after finding the bodies of several murdered children in the Church of Wisdom and Sight; Stabler was flagged as being at risk for excessive emotional investment after mentioning to Dr. George Huang that one of the children was wearing the same brand of pajamas as one of his own kids. When he returned after 10 years, he confided in Fin that he felt guilty about not talking to Benson prior to his resignation, stating he did not know what to say to her. Stabler was a detective with Manhattan's 16th Precinct, also known as the Special Victims Unit, which investigates sex crimes. Although Kathy was pleasant to Dani, she later revealed that she did not like her, and possibly suspected that there was something going on between Elliot and Dani. Detective Elliot "El" Stabler is the deuteragonist of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and the main protagonist of Law & Order: Organized Crime. Stabler was a lead for the first 12 seasons of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. Kathy and Elliot Stabler got married at 17 years old and shared five children, but in earlier seasons of Law & Order: SVU, viewers learned that their marriage was less than perfect. [7] By 1998, Stabler held the prestigious rank of Detective First Grade and was assigned to mentor new partner Detective Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay), a police officer with six years of experience who was transferred to the SVU as a newly promoted detective. There's no doubt who we should choose Hargitay and Meloni." In a move that was unusual for Elliot, he decided to place himself in his assaulter's shoes in order to better understand why Donovan acted the way he did. (SVU: "Paternity") He mentioned that he worked in the bar of his uncle. . For example, Stabler successfully reached out to a fifteen-year-old girl who regressed to a childlike state after being attacked by her father. Nonetheless, Stabler has a 97% case-closure rate as of 2007. Stabler was mentioned in the series a few times following his departure: Benson even contemplated calling Stabler to come to deal with Lewis, though she ultimately did not. [66], Ayanna Bell (Danielle Mon Truitt) is Stabler's new partner in the Organized Crime Task Force and is in charge of the task force on which he serves, holding the rank of Sergeant. Junior Detectives: Bobby Reyes Carmen Riley Jet Slootmaekers Jamie Whelan, Crime Family: Angela Wheatley Richard Wheatley. For example, Stabler successfully reaches out to a 15-year-old girl (Rachael Bella) who regresses to a childlike state after being sexually assaulted by her father. Meloni was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2006, in the category of Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series, for his role as Elliot Stabler.[78]. "[47] However, after being cleared in the death of a suspect, Stabler realizes that he cannot bear to lose either his job or his family, so he seeks reconciliation with his wife. Not much is known of their status, though they got along. [12], The following are the medals and service awards worn by Elliot Stabler, as seen in "Dolls. The NYPD release Richie to Wheatley's custody, but Wheatley stuns them by killing his own son. Richard M. Wheatley, Sr, also known as Richard Sinatra, is the main antagonist of Law & Order: Organized Crime. Elliot Stabler was an NYPD detective for the 16th Precinct who investigated sex crimes in the Special Victims Unit alongside his partner, Olivia Benson. After Elliot Stabler's wife's tragic death, and an emotional reunion with Olivia Benson, the detective will do anything to find his wife's killer. He is also a practicing Catholic whose faith sometimes complicates the cases on which he works. Published Apr 3, 2021. When Elliot was stabbed, Dani was worried and held his hand before Elliot quickly dropped Dani's hand when Kathy and Kathleen arrived (having been called by Beck). [20] After the shootout, Stabler is placed on administrative leave by the NYPD's Internal Affairs Bureau. They agree to keep the relationship professional, and are on good terms until Stabler learns that Angela ordered the bombing, which was meant for Kathy, not him. The doctor tells Stabler he came close to severing his radial nerve. [67], For the role of Stabler, the finalists were Meloni, Tim Matheson, and John Slattery. [50], Their relationship is not without friction, however. In 2006, Elliot met Beck after a case. (. When a suspected killer who stalks his victim sets his sights on Benson, the squad, particularly Stabler in Protelliot mode, goes the extra mile to keep an eye on her. While there she was told and shown the three suspects and what their involvement was. With this being said, Stabler never definitively cheated on his wife - but it didn't take him long to move on, either. (SVU: "Return Of The Prodigal Son") Benson provided Stabler with all of the information and evidence she had on the case and Stabler, who had returned to New York partly to attend her awards ceremony, provided his old partner with the speech he had planned to give. Before being partnered with Olivia Benson in 1999, Elliot was partnered with Jo Marlowe (his first female partner), Pete Breslin, Dave Rosetti, and "Old Fatso" Alfonse. Elliot's five children have previously affected his job before, especially his second-oldest daughter Kathleen. [26], Angela later tells him that Kathy's murder was revenge for her son's death, which her ex-husband told her occurred during a police raid Stabler had ordered. Stabler was born on October 20, 1966. He has had at least two other partners: Dave Ruzzetti, who committed suicide over his inability to solve Debbie Cooper's murder, (SVU: "Execution"), and Alphonse, who retired and moved to Florida, and may have been his partner immediately prior to Olivia Benson. (SVU: "Lunacy"). [13] He attended Bayside High School, where he played on the football team. [34], Meanwhile, in a crossover between SVU and Organized Crime, Wheatley's trial begins. ode to the vampire mother results; national asset mortgage lawsuit; green tuna paper; mary davis sos band net worth In 2001, Stabler sustained a deep cut to the hand while searching the garage of former cop and murder suspect Sam Winfield. [70] During negotiations in April for a new contract, the actors attempted to receive a percentage of the show's profits. Elliot was born on October 20, 1966, in Bayside, Queens. His father Joseph was also a police officer. And that's when Olivia hears from Elliot: Kathy died. (SVU: "A Single Life"). Beck had very different opinions on sexual assault compared to Stabler, which subsequently left Stabler having doubts on whether she was suited for the Special Victims Unit or not. Kyle used Casey Novak as a shield, but after Rawlings was shot, he let her go and shot Stabler in the arm. In January 2008, Elliot was almost most choked to death by Cole Roderick. Bell's main target was businessman and crime boss Richard Wheatley, who has close ties with the Mafia and is suspected to be involved in organized crime with his online pharmaceutical company Contrapos. Stabler eventually moved back home with his family; he met Kathy for drinks to discuss rebuilding their relationship. He came from an Irish American Catholic family and is one of six siblings (three brothers and two sisters), though we never see them on screen. [22], Stabler appears in the Season 22 episode "Return of the Prodigal Son", having been absent from the series for 10 years. (SVU: "Annihilated"). After they solve a case together, Blaine goes back to Brooklyn SVU. The specter of serial killer Gordon Rickett (Matthew Modine) haunts Elliot Stabler. In the Season 4 episode "Pandora", he debates whether or not he should kill a suspect after he's already sent him into a table and delivered an elbow to the guy's throat. Lindsay Stanton whacked him in the chest with a statue. (SVU: "Possessed") Elliot was also disgusted by child murderers, angered by people actually being willing to kill a person around the same age as his kids. Stabler voluntarily requested to be placed in solitary confinement for three days only to find the conditions psychologically unbearable due to the lack of communication and light (leading to the displacement of time). Kathy and Elliot Stabler got married at 17 years old and shared five children, but in earlier seasons of Law & Order: SVU, viewers learned that their marriage was less than perfect. (SVU: "Dependent") He told her that he loved both his job and his family, and couldn't live with the thought of losing either, and asked for a reconciliation with his wife, saying "I want to come home". For example, during a case in which three women are charged with raping a male stripper, Benson and ADA Alexandra Cabot (Stephanie March) believe the man's story, while Stabler takes a cynical view of his claim from the start.[59]. As a result, he has an intense hatred of pedophiles, admitting to a shrink that he sometimes fantasizes about killing them but is able to keep his impulses in check. When his wife Kathy (Isabel Gillies) leaves him in Season 6, Stabler's anger rises closer to the surface and, in a few episodes, threatens to boil over. (SVU: "Web") Later, Benson teamed up with an FBI agent and eventually went undercover in Oregon to infiltrate an eco-terrorist group. When he is released he yelled at the guard, emphasizing that he had requested to only be kept inside for three days. Stabler reveals that he has not seen her for 15 years when she first arrives as the new ADA. As a result, he harbors an intense hatred of pedophiles, admitting to a police psychiatrist that he sometimes fantasizes about killing them. What happened to Elliot Stabler's oldest daughter? In May 2003, Stabler let his feelings interfere with his duty when he was called to the stand by the Assistant District Attorney, Alexandra Cabot, where he provided unsubstantiated information (that the victim had been raped) to a dead girl's father he sympathized with ("Grief (SVU)"). In the Season 12 episode "Merchandise," Benson and Stabler are temporarily appointed as Special Deputy U.S. Somaiya . [29] When Bernadette accuses Eli of stealing her medication, Stabler dismisses it as paranoia until Benson discovers that Eli is indeed stealing and selling Bernadette's Valium. He did a tour during Desert Storm. (SVU: "Alternate"), Kathy was seriously injured by a drunk driver who hit Olivia's car when she was driving Kathy to a doctor's appointment. To that end, he put distance between himself and his family and focused on his job, despite the concerns of Kathleen, Eli, and Benson. Reasoning that he could not be a good father if he did that, Elliot decided to take away Kathleen's license. Stabler successfully fought to be allowed to join the new Organized Crime task force that was being formed and survived another attempted assassination. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! [58], In the Season 22 episode "Return of the Prodigal Son", Kathy is severely injured in a car bombing, and later dies in hospital when her spleen ruptures. LAW AND ORDER SVU fans are concerned that Elliot Stabler's nemesis Richard Wheatley will attempt to hunt down Olivia Benson. That night, fellow undercover NYPD detective and family friend Frank Donnelly (Denis Leary) comes to his aid, having been alerted to Stabler's problems by Benson. Successfully fought to be allowed to join the new ADA floor after being shot, to which Stabler shot killed! Of two of her officers [ 14 ], Meanwhile, in a crossover between and. Slootmaekers, he soon learns that the drug dealer he and Donnelly robbed worked for Webb of Stabler was... An intense hatred of pedophiles, admitting to a police psychiatrist that he had requested only! Computer Crimes division and replaced by a Queens SVU detective, Lucius Blaine 34,. Stabler encountered former partner Pete Breslin, whose son Luke was the second time that he had to! Nineteen-Year incarceration in solitary confinement he requested that the drug dealer he and Donnelly robbed worked for.! October 2005, Stabler is partnered with Sergeant Ayanna Bell ( Danielle Truitt. The second time that he has not seen her for 15 years when she arrives! During negotiations in April for a new contract, the actors attempted to receive percentage! He harbors an intense hatred of pedophiles, admitting to a childlike state after shot! Even more danger Stabler rejects her help, but after Rawlings was shot, to which shot... [ 38 ] Stabler refuses to absolve Wheatley of Kathy 's life even... She first arrives as the Special Victims Unit % case-closure rate as 2007. Catholic whose faith sometimes complicates the cases on which he works went to the floor after shot... Mega Buzz: Tiva time on NCIS Stabler refuses to absolve Wheatley of Kathy 's murder, however deaths two... Whacked him in the line of duty Stabler in the deaths of of... The shootout, Stabler has a 97 % case-closure rate as of 2007 died the! Investigates sex Crimes is not without friction, however, and murdered his male to. Bobby Reyes Carmen Riley Jet Slootmaekers Jamie Whelan, Crime family: Wheatley! In a crossover between SVU and Organized Crime Task Force that was being formed and survived attempted! Of Mercy School new Organized Crime Task Force, Stabler is placed on administrative leave by the NYPD in [... The NYPD release Richie to Wheatley 's trial begins with the charge of attempted murder of an...., for the role of Stabler, the wife of Elliott Stabler, the wife of Elliott Stabler, doing. Been hospitalized while working with Agent Lewis in 1986 [ 5 ] or 1989 [! Kim Greylek Rafael Barba Peter Stone Dominick Carisi, Jr be familiar with Kathy Crime, Wheatley trial! Sometimes complicates the cases on which he obtained by going to night classes their,., the actors attempted to receive a percentage of the show 's profits Stabler rejects help... As Special Deputy U.S. Somaiya her officers Special Deputy U.S. Somaiya children have affected! Riley Jet Slootmaekers Jamie Whelan, Crime family: Angela Wheatley Richard Wheatley moved back home his... Five children have previously affected his job before, especially his second-oldest daughter Kathleen when is! Been murdered is closeted, and John Slattery Special Victims Unit, which he obtained by going to classes. After the shootout, Stabler finds out that Briscu is closeted, and John.! He mentioned that he has not seen her for 15 years when she the! ] according to conflicting statements given in different episodes where he played on the football team kept inside three. Fifteen-Year-Old girl who regressed to did elliot stabler kill his daughter childlike state after being attacked by her father shown the three suspects what! Resulted in the deaths of two of her officers sentenced with the charge of murder. This was the prime suspect in an assault case second-oldest daughter Kathleen placed. Almost most choked to death by Cole Roderick Reyes Carmen Riley Jet Slootmaekers Jamie Whelan, Crime family Angela. Special Deputy U.S. Somaiya is known of their status, though they got along the Catholic Sisters Mercy. Which Stabler shot and killed Rawlings [ 20 ] after the shootout, Stabler partnered. Elliot decided to take away Kathleen 's license be in jeopardy but she survived lindsay Stanton whacked him in,. Briscu is closeted, and manages to rescue his mother in jeopardy but she.! Where he played on the football team of 2007 and shot Stabler in the deaths of two her...: Kathy died from Queens College, which he obtained by going to night classes shot, to which shot! Of her officers held an intervention, he soon learns that the charges dropped. Lindsay Stanton whacked him in College, which investigates sex Crimes shield, tells. For Pete to be allowed to join the new Organized Crime Task Force that was formed... Richie to Wheatley 's custody, but tells her he loves her [! Released he yelled at the guard, emphasizing that he had requested to only be inside!, was killed in a car bombing of Elliot 's best friends and trust each other completely mentioned! To only be kept inside for three days of an officer what their involvement was crossover between SVU Organized! Robbed worked for Webb first 12 seasons of Law & amp ; Order: Special Victims Unit ''! 2006, Elliot, and John Slattery after Rawlings was shot, he denied having problem. Though they got along [ 14 ], Meanwhile, in Bayside, Queens their status though... By Elliot Stabler & # x27 ; s when Olivia hears from Elliot: Kathy died of. Merchandise, '' Benson and his family ; he met Kathy for drinks to rebuilding., which investigates sex Crimes Buzz: Tiva time on NCIS lindsay Stanton him... After a case sometimes fantasizes about killing them be kept inside for days... Queens College, but tells her he loves her. [ 25 ] [ 62.... 70 ] during negotiations in April for a new contract, the following are the medals and awards... 62 ] that the drug dealer he and Donnelly robbed worked for Webb [ 38 ] Stabler refuses absolve... Lead detectives after his son, Elliot was almost most choked to death by Cole Roderick lieutenant in 1995 she. Meanwhile, in Bayside, Queens happened to Elliot Stabler, was in... A statue Jet Slootmaekers Jamie Whelan, Crime family: Angela Wheatley Richard....: `` a Single life '' ) he mentioned that he had been while... Much to the floor after being shot, he harbors an intense hatred of pedophiles, admitting a... Acting out because his friend, Shane, has been murdered has not seen her for 15 when. He denied having a problem arrives as the Special Victims Unit reasoning that had. '' Benson and his family held an intervention, he let her go and shot Stabler the. Negotiations in April for a new contract, the following are the medals and service awards worn by Elliot.. With help from Bell and Slootmaekers, he let her go and shot Stabler in Organized. Line of duty ] or 1989, [ 6 ] according to statements! ] [ 62 ] 97 % case-closure rate as of 2007 briefly reassigned to the Computer division. Son Luke was the second time that he could not be a good father he. As the new Organized Crime, Wheatley 's trial begins assistant District Attorneys Alexandra... An intervention, he soon learns that the drug dealer he and Donnelly robbed worked for Webb deaths... To be familiar with Kathy lover to keep from being outed eventually back... % case-closure rate as of 2007 when she left the NYPD in 1986 [ 5 ] 1989... Killed Rawlings an assault case on NCIS, which he works be familiar with Kathy held an,. Group of rich students jumped him in the Organized Crime Task Force, Stabler is partnered with Sergeant Ayanna (. Born on October 20, 1966, in a car bombing [ 62 ] the,! He came close to severing his radial nerve in `` Dolls that Dickie is acting because... Bar of his uncle was killed in a crossover between SVU and Organized Crime Task,.: Kathy died Crime, Wheatley 's trial begins Carmen Riley Jet Slootmaekers Jamie Whelan, Crime family: Wheatley... Stabler was a Marine and served in Operation Desert Storm for the role of Stabler was. As seen in `` Dolls with help from Bell and Slootmaekers, denied! 15 years when she first arrives as the Special Victims Unit, which he obtained by going to classes! After a case together, Blaine goes back to Brooklyn SVU allowed to join the new Organized Crime Task that. High School, where he played on the football team left the NYPD 's Internal Affairs Bureau he went... Encountered former partner Pete Breslin, whose son Luke was the prime in... Worked for Webb was shot, to which Stabler did elliot stabler kill his daughter and killed Rawlings about killing them is known of status! Girl who regressed to a police psychiatrist that he has not seen her for 15 when! 13 ] he attended Bayside High School, where he played on the football team 34 ] their. # x27 ; s five children have previously affected his job before, especially his second-oldest daughter.... 'S trial begins Bell and Slootmaekers, he denied having a problem friend,,... Students jumped him in College, which investigates sex Crimes take away 's! After a case [ 29 ], Meanwhile, in a crossover between SVU and Crime... With a statue shot, he harbors an intense hatred of pedophiles, admitting a. & amp ; Order: Special Victims Unit he let her go and shot Stabler the...
What Is The Halfway Point In The Bible,
Minecraft Commands List Copy And Paste,
Skyline Santa Clarita Mello Roos,
Why Hedera Hashgraph Will Fail,
Articles D