The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. In the years since, China has become an economic titan, a global leader in technology innovation, and a military superpower, all while tightening its authoritarian system of governmentand reinforcing a belief that the liberal narrative does not apply to China. Collectivism means that the needs of an individual are not emphasized as compared to those of the society and not until recently, most rights of Chinese citizens were not realized. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. The United States and China are different in almost every way in their social norms, administrative policies, economic reforms, and the vastest difference in their political ideology. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. Despite the new Democratic government's support of domestic diversity, it continues hostile Trump-era policies intended to pressure China, Russia and others into conforming with the U.S.'s political demands. No personal data is being tracked. They make three plausible but false assumptions: Democracy is an inevitable consequence of economic development; authoritarian regimes are never seen as legitimate; and the Chinese think, behave, and invest much like anyone in the West. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. It often compares itself to brands with which Westerners are familiar. (2012). Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. When U.S. power interests change, so does the ideological cover, the most typical being the liberal ideology having come to an end and the U.S. coming up with the notion of fair trade. This shapes the way they make long-term commitments, especially those that entail short-term trade-offs or losses. Routledge. Political credibility and economic development. Policy makers, in contrast, looking for ways to gain more control and sovereignty over the future, now play a much longer game than the West does. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. The only obligation they have is to follow the law that in most cases is straightforward. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. The legal system of a country plays a key role in terms of its marketing and investment opportunities. Nolan, P. (2012). Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. However, the beliefs and positions of political parties change over time, so . Would you like to get this essay by email? In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. Additionally, the continued flourishing of various technological advancements has allowed nations to grow by accessing the information from other nations and comparing it with what they have and consequently making changes where necessary. Investors have always been enticed by Chinas vast market. For example, a 2015 survey found that 81% of them trade at least once a month, even though frequent trading is invariably a way to destroy rather than create long-term fund value. Federal and state governments wrangled and blamed each other over the pandemic response, exposing public discontent with the efficacy and legitimacy of the government, as well as the internal strife in society. Most significantly, the British have a democratic parliamentary government, headed by a monarch and prime minister. Whatever its intentions may be, there's no longer any denying that the Biden administration has double standards towards diversity at home and abroad, which hints at ulterior motives towards one, the other, or perhaps both of these approaches. Civic engagement ensures that the government is serving the people and not the other way around. The United States has had the world's largest economy for about 140 years, and it roughly accounts for 22% of global GDP. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. Routledge. The differences in political beliefs led to the formation of a two-party system in the United States, contrary to George Washington's wishes. China and the United States are one of the strongest economies in the world, and both nations are considered superpowers and have contributed significantly to global politics and culture. Reforming Sino-American Cultural Exchange for the Better. People who do take long-term career risks often do so only after fulfilling their primary need for short-term security. However, it is important to compare and contrast countries to see which policies are working in the best way and what can be changed. By the 1980s she was in the first generation to go back to university, and even took part in the Tiananmen Square demonstration. Chinas rulers, therefore, see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. From the depth of their hearts, Americans confront the reality that the beacon of freedom has to learn from the authoritarian government of communist China in some respects. 55-64). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. The primary contrast between China and the U.S. is that the former supports political diversity while the latter aggressively imposes its envisioned political conformity upon all others. Any shift in supply chains will be gradual and partial, because its very costly to move from the most efficient supplier to the second or third best. It seems that the only country that can stifle Chinas growth is China itselfif it makes major policy mistakes. The civil law system only allows the judge to make his or her judgment basing on the law and should not consider other factors surrounding the business. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. In Canada, it is a . Its currency appreciated 6% against the dollar last year. Under this view, whether or not other countries are free and democratic, or whether others deem the U.S. to be so, matters less than the economic benefits the U.S. deserves, including a favorable balance of trade and jobs. In Charting China's Future (pp. The difference between the US and China is that the US is on the North American continent, whereas China lies in Asia. In the early days of the outbreak, the Trump administration tried everything possible to downplay the severity of the situation attempting to secure the economy and votes in a presidential election year. The old imperial bureaucracy helps modern Chinese to make the government started on more efficient point to absorb interest than any other countries (King, F. J., The United States and China Fourth Edition, 1979, Those countries have since 1945 been pluralist democracies with independent judiciaries. For example, weve interviewed couples in which the wife jumps into the sea of starting her own businessbecoming one of Chinas many female entrepreneursbecause her husbands stable but lower-paid state-sector job will provide the family with security. Here and there, yes, but not in a meaningful way in general, and not without harm to itself. The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. But in China the consumer applications have come faster, making more obvious the link between government investment and products and services that benefit individuals. A Shanghai journalist is paid by her state-controlled magazine to fly around the world for stories on global lifestyle trends. What are the biggest risks for Chinas economy in the coming years? Dictatorship, Gun Control: Legal, Psychology and Political Viewpoint, Difference Between Criminal and Civil Court System. By 2020 she was intent on seeing her seven-year-old grandson and infant granddaughter (a second child had only recently become legal) do well. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. And the party has always believed in and emphasized the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist thought, with all they imply. There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. Therefore, a country's political system can be assessed effectively by using aspects such as collectivism or individualism and totalitarianism or democracy. Chinas leaders argue that its essentially Leninist rule book makes Chinese politics far less arbitrary or nepotistic than those of many other, notably Western, countries (even though the system has its share of back-scratching and opaque decision-making). Western systems are . HBR: Chinas economy seems to be the healthiest in the world at the moment. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the In contrast, the governments discount rate on the future is lowerin part because of its Leninist emphasis on controland explicitly focused on long-term returns. This is a belief alien to many Western business executives, especially if theyve had experience with other authoritarian regimes. It continues apace. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. Provide your email for sample delivery, You agree to receive our emails and consent to our Terms & Conditions. Recognizing that the authoritarian Marxist-Leninist system is accepted in China as not only legitimate but also effective is crucially important if Westerners are to make more-realistic long-term decisions about how to deal with or invest in the country. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. The Chinese premier less so. This suggests some obvious hypocrisy on the part of the Biden administration and perhaps even a lack of sincerity with respect to the domestic causes that it supports. Born in 1955, she experienced as a child the terrible Great Leap Forward famine in which 20 million Chinese starved to death. All the work should be used in accordance with the appropriate policies and applicable laws. The truth, then, is that China is not an authoritarian state seeking to become more liberal but an authoritarian state seeking to become more successfulpolitically as well as economically. Retrieved from https://proessays.net/essays/economic-and-political-differences-china-vs-united-states. China uses its particular authoritarian modeland its presumed legitimacyto build trust with its population in ways that would be considered highly intrusive in a liberal democracy. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Many Chinese not only dont believe that democracy is necessary for economic success but do believe that their form of government is legitimate and effective. Not completely and not without very high costs. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. The past decade has, if anything, strengthened Chinese leaders view that economic reform is possible without liberalizing politics. Chinas rapid economic growth is the result of its embrace of a market economy and private enterprise. The commission has succeeded in reducing corruption in large part because it is essentially above the lawsomething unimaginable in a liberal democracy. In our experience, many Westerners dont understand what that means or why it matters. Meanwhile, American consumers have paid for the higher tariffs, because the average prices of Chinese exports havent decreased. The basic structures of both legal system are extremely similar. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. This means that business contracts are not usually detailed in China since the civil codes do not cover most laws. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. Until Western companies and politicians accept this reality, they will continue to get China wrong. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. The major focus of government expenditure is domestic infrastructure. Some distinctions between the parties. A. The Chinese spent countless hours restructuring their legal system to closer represent those in the Western business. This is the most appropriate entry point to reveal the evolution of human-land relationships. The legislative branch of the government is responsible for making laws through the Congress and House of Representatives, both of which hold elected officials that create legislation for their constituents while the Judicial branch of the government is responsible for upholding and interpreting these laws through the highest court in the land Supreme Court and High Courts which tend to follow their own state law. The closing meeting of the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . In the early 2010s she started moderating her previously outspoken political comments on Weibo as censorship tightened up. While the U.S. political system is partly inspired by the British example, it differs in many important respects. And when Xi announced, in 2017, that the three critical battles for Chinas development would fall in the areas of reducing financial risk, addressing pollution, and alleviating poverty, he also made it clear that the objective of these reforms was to solidify the system rather than to change it. The United States has a democratic system, but in countries . The branches of the government are not only responsible for the laws of the land but are also responsible for ensuring free and fair elections and that the citizens of the country that they represent are being heard (USG, 2020). Similarities and Differences: US vs. China There are both very strikingly similarities and differences compared with their American counterparts in regards to culture and institutions. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . ProEssays website, please click below to request its removal: Liked this essay sample but need an original one? Some have expressed optimism that Chinas need for control will lessen after theyve proved their worth as partners. A young student in Nanjing can study propulsion physics at Beijings Tsinghua University thanks to social mobility and the partys significant investment in scientific research. The resulting victory, which for decades the CCP spun as its solo vanquishing of an external enemy, was reinforced by defeat of an internal one (Chiang Kai-shek in 1949), establishing the legitimacy of the party and its authoritarian system. A Leninist approach to selecting future leaders is also a way the CCP has maintained its legitimacy, because to many ordinary Chinese, this approach produces relatively competent leaders: They are chosen by the CCP and progress through the system by successfully running first a town and then a province; only after that do they serve on the Politburo. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. The Trump administration, however, has focused on U.S. economic interests, putting the pursuit of hegemonistic benefits in a secondary position. Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. In the countryside life retained many of its traditional elements. One thing hasnt changed, though: Many Western politicians and business executives still dont get China. In this interview he talks about the accessibility of the Chinese market, Americas demonization of China, what the Chinese dont understand about the U.S., and more. Springer. A nation that practice individualism and democracy is more likely to have an economic system that is market-based and this is more desirable since it allows businesses to produce what their products maximally thereby making desirable profits. Does the U.S. even have the power to hurt China economically? Advantages and Disadvantages of Bellwether Cases, The Conundrum of Non-Criminalization of Marital Rape in India, Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from Public Administration Viewpoint. The city of Rongcheng, for example, uses big data (available to the government through surveillance and other data-capturing infrastructure) to give people individualized social credit scores. These are used to reward or punish citizens according to their political and financial virtues or vices. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. World economies keep on changing and countries are also made to change for them to remain competitive. For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. However, the country does have branches of government that also include the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. Great challenges lie ahead. The Chinese government is, however, much easier to decipher since it is a communist one-party state that is also led by elites even though it goes against the very grain of communism. It is a global leader in AI, biotech, and space exploration. Additionally, in such a system, services and products are distributed and offered by the individuals working privately and independently with limited regulation from the government. A country that provides its citizen with education produces better minds that can bring in better business ideas to the economy. The White Houses China-bashing is more about a fight for self-identification than about exonerating the Trump administration. The country will need to continue to reform and privatize its state-owned firmsand shift from investment to private consumptionor it will not be able to sustain its growth. This clear disconnect is attributable to the so-called "culture war" that's spiraled out of control over the past year and has led to profound changes in American society since then. In China, the legal system "is based on civil laws" (Nolan, 2012). Leninism, however, is essentially a political doctrine; its primary aim is control. Political credibility and economic development. PAG invested about $100 million in a digital music business in China a few years back which subsequently merged with a similar business and changed its name to Tencent Music Entertainment. And only the U.S. can threaten Americas economic supremacyby underinvesting in its own infrastructure and by limiting trade. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. After all, if it genuinely believed in the merits of diversity at home, it wouldn't try to snuff out political diversity abroad. The top diplomat also condemned the U.S.'s description of his country as "authoritarian" simply because its democracy is different than America's. Disclaimer: ProEssays.net is a custom writing service that provides online on-demand writing work for assistance purposes. What is the political difference between China and the USA? Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, A version of this article appeared in the. He wisely noted that "Democracy is not Coca-Cola, which, with the syrup produced by the United States, tastes the same across the world. Even though China is diverse in its ethnic groups, it is still a relatively high homogenous group, which is also reflected in its politics. This package reveals much that may surprise them. Where can it move its production if the target market is China? Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. Either way you slice it, the economies are the two strongest . The U.S. continues to vilify China, and China does itself no favors with its poor policy on human rights. While hierarchy and equality may appear to the post-Enlightenment West to be antithetical concepts, in China they remain inherently complementary. The big difference is that in China the party, state, and army is led by one person. That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. Bidens proposals have been criticized as new wine in old bottles, and a kind of tinkering; Trump is regarded by Henry Kissinger as marking the end of an old era. And believing that Chinas economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as those in the West, many failed to envisage the Chinese states continuing role as investor, regulator, and intellectual property owner. For the Chinese, the key to those outcomes is respect for an appropriate hierarchy, itself a means of control. The Stages of Strategic Crime Analysis Report. This approach is counterproductive and has generated immense resentment against the U.S. across the world. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the . Eventually he came to the United States, where he earned a masters and a PhD at UC Berkeley, worked for the World Bank and J.P. Morgan, and taught at the Wharton School. As the United States is considered a representative republic, citizen engagement is all the more important and starts with providing the citizens of the country, regardless of gender and over the age of 18, the right to vote for their communities in the form of local elections that can elect congresses that represent their towns and constituencies as well in the Presidential election for the various arms of the executive branch. Familiarity with Leninist doctrine is still important for getting ahead. Simmons-Harris Comparative Politics Constitutional Powers Successful Pressure Groups UK and US Constitution Foundations of American Democracy Amendments After the Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Brutus Papers Checks and Balances Commerce Clause Concurrent Powers Confederation Constitutional Amendment Process Contract with America Some of these challenges are brought about by differences in legal, political and economic systems of different countries. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. When the United States formed its constitution, it specifically dictated the unalienable rights of every person. In much Western analysis the verb most commonly attached to Chinas reforms is stalled. The truth is that political reform in China hasnt stalled. Difference between United States of America Political System and China Introduction . Our response? Is it that Chinas development doesnt conform with the values of freedom and democracy, or that Chinas growing strength is a threat to U.S. hegemony? First, the similarities among both countries institutions would be the hierarchical construction of their judicial system; the separation of three branches of . In other words, it's actually the U.S. that's an ideologically driven state and not China, unlike what the Western mainstream media has falsely claimed in recent years. The study of geography is centered on the regional system of the human-land relationship, and the core of the study of the geographical system of the human-land relationship is land use change. Most ordinary people we meet dont feel that the authoritarian state is solely oppressive, although it can be that; for them it also provides opportunity. Hence, we need to understand, compare, and learn from leading values in China's political culture. Thats not likely, precisely because in Chinas particular brand of authoritarianism, control is key. Economic and macro-political changes happening globally is something that international business management must consider before doing business since it will influence the decisions that they make regarding their business. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. We have both sat in meetings where business executives, particularly in the technology and pharmaceutical sectors, expressed surprise at Chinas insistence that they transfer ownership of their IP to a Chinese company. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. But this argument overlooks some fundamental differences between China and the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany, and France. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. By 2008 she was making the most of the rise in disposable incomes by buying new consumer goods that her parents could only have dreamt about. But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Decisionsby both individuals and the stateabout how to invest all serve one purpose: to provide security and stability in an unpredictable world. Until that happens, the world will remain unstable as the U.S. aggressively tries to eliminate political diversity. Pundits tend to be alarmed by a default here and there. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. Countries with command economic systems are now changing their laws to become democratic and allow free-enterprise after realizing benefits it can bring in (Cavusgil, Ghauri & Akcal, 2012). Both countries have human rights issues, although in different forms. The real danger is the Taiwan issue. China is bordered by several countries and lies on the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. 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