[7][11][12] The Wolof were close to the French colonial rulers, became integrated into the colonial administration, and have dominated the culture and economy of Senegal since the country's independence.[13]. 32). Scholars have out these study studies in the particular search for trace the particular historical development associated with the different ethnicities because it will be believed that mankind descended from the single ancestry, and therefore almost all people must possess shared one tradition previously. as a people are largely Muslim and they practice Islam as religion. 32). November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. delta state Free Essay Examples Database. The suitor firsts gifts his potential bride with a chain, marking his interest in her. This observation implies that in a home with many wives, the man takes the credit for the wealth that belongs to all his wives. These types of include the part that marriage performs in the family members formation in the particular Wolof society, exactly what the economic history of the dual marriages is, plus which traditions explain wedding ceremony ceremony from the Wolof culture. Consequently, most cultures exhibit elements of different cultures from other parts of the world. Ames, David. The Wolof people practice a rigid and endogamous marriage. Marriage between the two groups is generally not permissible. Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. The bride and groom were challenged to kiss over the tower without knocking it over. inland town 32). By the end of the 15th century, the Wolof states of Jolof, Kayor, Baol, and Walo had become united in a federation with Jolof as the metropolitan power. The now-traditional wedding favor of five Jordan almonds symbolizes five wishes for the newlyweds of health, wealth, happiness, fertility, and longevity. The symbolism of the color blue dates back to early Christianity, when the color was associated with the Virgin Mary, who is often depicted wearing a blue robe. ASUU Children remain with their mother until they are of age before they can go back to their father. Similarly, a West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice. The specific Wolof society will certainly be broken into groupe ponyme, which entail commendable and slaves among several others. Muhammadu Buhari The Wolof culture any associated with most affected ethnicities by Western impact in comparison in order to other cultures within the region (Diop 101). The male sheep is slaughtered and its fat is used to decorate the brides wedding dress and applied to her head. Japan Japanese brides are decorated in white from head to toe, with white paint masking their faces to convey their utmost virtue and innocence. All rights reserved. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal as they form about 35% of the Senegalese populace and about 12% of the Gambian populace (Diop 112). Rice and other grains have long been regarded as signs of prosperity and fertility. At such a point, the boy was expected to furnish the girl and her mother with gifts to win their affection (Gamble et al. This would be accomplished after colorful traditional wedding rituals meant to free the marriage of evil and make it fruitful and successful. 31). Marry me inside Africa: African Basic principles, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, this season. One Norwegian tradition states that the bride will wear an ornate silver and gold crown that has small charms dangling all around it. Wolof People: Marriage Traditions, Divorce and Culture, 10 Funny wedding Vows Sample for Him or her, Singles Day 2019: 3 Benefits of celebrating singles day as Married or in a Relationship, Young Boy Upset with his Mother Jumps off a Bridge into a River - VIDEO, VIDEO!! [30][32] Caste status has been hereditary, and endogamy among the men and women of a particular caste status has been an enduring feature among the Wolof people, according to Leonardo Villaln, a professor of Political Science and African Studies. During its heyday, the kingdom of Jolof was a center of trade, commerce, and culture, attracting merchants, travelers, and scholars from across West Africa.In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Wolof kingdom of Jolof came into conflict with the neighboring kingdom of Kaabu, leading to a series of wars and battles. must. The Wolof people are an ethnic grouping in North Eastern part of Senegal, parts of Mauritania, and Gambia. Mbaya, Maweja. Once this transaction is made, it will be time for that bride-to-be to move towards the grooms compound officially (Gamble et ing. Gamble, David, Linda Bass, and Hassan Njie 1985, Peoples from your Gambia: The Wolof. During the Roman age, a common custom was to tie the bride and grooms hands together during the ceremony. You can unsubscribe at any time. The Wolof as a people are largely Muslim and they practice Islam as religion. However, religious practice often contains local elements. Agorsah, Koffi. Divorce is quite common in the Wolof society and according to the Islamic tenets. Print. He was called Ndyadyane Ndyaye, and his descendants were called Ndiayes or Njie, and these led to ruling families of Wolof, Mali according to this mythical legend. US Extends Visa Validity For Nigerians To Five Again, R. Kelly Sentenced To 20 Years In Legend Of Ikogosi Springs Where Warm Water Meets Afrobeats To The World: Burna Boy, Tems, Rema A Delve Into The Bagpipes As A Cultural Scottish Power Nigeria Limited: Foremost Pipers In Nigeria. Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal (35% of the Senegalese We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. As a result, the couple would avoid being cursed on theirwedding day. We utilize security vendors that protect and When she moves, the tinkling sound is supposed to deflect. Whether youre planning your wedding ceremony and reception, attending one soon, or just want to learn more about the history of marriage, youre sure to be surprised by how much these wedding traditions have changed since theyve originated! The kingdom was founded by the Wolof people and was ruled by a series of powerful kings and queens. Under such marriage arrangements, the bride and the groom did not have much of an influence over what happens. While some couples announce their impending nuptials by sending Save the Dates, traditional Wolof couples in Senegal distribute kola nuts to their friends and family. Do you want to stay informed about how you can help fight against extreme poverty? 32). Most of the socializing at the wedding was done in Wolof, a language of Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania. During Victorian times, a pageboy was responsible for carrying a brides train down the aisle along with a prayer book. Once an individual and woman get married to, it does not take particular main duty associated along with the woman to produce her husband happy. 39. [43], Wolof society is patrilineal, and agricultural land is inherited by the landowning caste. [42][43], A single compound may have multiple huts, with a patrilocal male as its head, with a different wife and her children in each hut in polygynous households. This will then prompt a meeting of her parents and her to accept or reject the proposal. MONDAY MUSINGS: CUTTING THROUGH THE NOISE. Need a custom Research Paper sample written from scratch by However, it is actually the color blue that is the true symbol of purity as well as fidelity. At the same time, Victorians began to place the ring on small pillows as a display of their wealth. Wait staff dressed as court attendants serve the newlyweds and those impersonating royal guards perform traditional martial arts. [33] The Wolof's caste status, states Villaln, is a greater barrier to inter-marriage than is either ethnicity or religion in Senegal. Soon it became customary to stack these wheat cakes one on top of the another, as tall as they could go. people are found in North Eastern part of Senegal, Mauritania, and Gambia. [43][44], Marriages are endogamous. In order to form a strong and stable family among the Wolof, it was traditionally believed that cross-cousin marriage (young man marrying a maternal uncles daughter) was the best form of marriage (Gamble et al. The style of the Wolof jewelry collection is called kayor and was worn by Ngone Latir, the mother of the last king of Senegal. This aspect makes family a very important dimension in the economic wellbeing of the Wolof people. However, these slave raids eventually began to subside as European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations' involvement in the slave trade. We will write a custom Research Paper on The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Variants are worn on a day-to-day with the whole shebang coming out on special occasions; the most important for the Wolof is the feast of Tabaski (the Muslim Feast of Sacrifice). What was different? At the top were the royal rulers, below them were the regionally or locally dominant noble lineages who controlled territories and collected tribute, and below them were commoner freeborn called the baadoolo or "lacking power". You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you The cultures of the different ethnic groupings have been a subject of research for a long time. This is because if he didnt like her looks, there was a chance that he might not agree to marry her. Although traditions play an important role, history has shown us that its okay to get a little creative when it comes to planning your special day. The Economic Base of Wolof Polygamy. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11.4 (1955): 391-403. 41. IvyPanda. This is a tradition thats referred to as handfasting, and is a common practice amongst various cultures around the world. Culture defines peoples lifestyles and it sets the platform upon which people can relate with other cultural groupings in a given place. The institution of marriage is an intrinsic part of the Wolof culture. Ndnk-ndnk: An introduction to Wolof culture, Dakar: Peace Corps, 1981. Anambra state In some cases, the rigid traditional systems in which the parents make all the decisions concerning matters of marriage are still witnessed (Melching 68). Federal Government However, within the contemporary occasions, across the globe are littered along with different cultural groups. [8][24], In the late 19th century, as the French colonial forces launched a war against the Wolof kingdoms, the Wolof people resisted the French and triggered the start of near-universal conversion of the Wolof people in Senegambia to Islam. When discussing marriage with the bride's parents, the groom is expected to present kola nuts and money. Weve compiled a visual of 16 popular wedding traditions and their origins, so you can learn more about how these common customs came to be. IvyPanda. Change). Once a man and woman get married, it is the primary duty of the woman to make her husband happy. Press Release PDF file. More and more, couples are opting to include specific cultural traditions on their wedding day, and 43% of couples say that they are including at least one or a few meaningful cultural . Print. Sumaiya Ismail [43] Larger villages have an imam, called the ylimaan, and a hunting or warriors leader called the saltig. griot, Mande jeli or jali, Wolof gewel, West African troubadour-historian.The griot profession is hereditary and has long been a part of West African culture.The griots' role has traditionally been to preserve the genealogies, historical narratives, and oral traditions of their people; praise songs are also part of the griot's repertoire.Many griots play the kora, a long-necked harp lute . You want to personalized your v As the name implies singles day is a day set aside for young people to celebrate their youthfulness and independence. [25] The assaults of the 18th and 19th century jihads, states Lapidus, paved the way for massive conversions to Islam, yet not a nearly universal conversion. The Sufi leaders and marabouts exercise cultural and political influence amongst most Muslim communities, most notably the leader of the Muridiyya also called the Mouride brotherhood. The Wolof people have had a rigid, patriarchal, endogamous social stratified society at least since the 15th-century. anambra citizens Because 2022 weddings are such a personal reflection of each couple, couples are pretty divided on the value of the traditional American wedding customs. Have you ever been a flower girl, a bridesmaid, or caught the bouquet at a friends wedding? This preference hinged on the idea that such arrangements provided the best and most stable marriages. Many aspects of these traditional ceremonies have merged and been modified through the 20th century. Marriage Traditions of Wolof People The institution of marriage is an intrinsic part of the Wolof culture. They are also referred to as the Wollof, Jolof, Iolof, Whalof, Ialof, Olof, and Volof, among other spellings. Multiple marriages have been common, with many Wolof households featuring two wives. Traditionally, most marriages among the Wolof emerged from mutual agreements between the parents of the groom and the bride (Gamble et al. Print. Breaking News: Onitsha Born Dr. Chinelo Dies From Train Attack. The common marriage age with regard to the Wolof was your early twenties with regard to boys and past due teens for females (Gamble et al. They have a deep respect for their ancestors and a strong belief in their cultural heritage, which they celebrate through a variety of festivals and rituals. 2019. politics (LogOut/ Twitter. [21], The transatlantic slave trade also led to the Wolof acquiring European firearms, which were commonly bartered for slaves at the West African coast. 32). . Trainee Wolof manual, Dakar: Peace Corps, 2012. Scholars carry out these research studies in the quest to trace the historical development of the different cultures because it is believed that humankind descended from a single ancestry, and thus all people must have shared one culture at one time. Tall, dark and striking, Wolof people are often seen in colourful fabrics and patterns with the traditional boubou the garment of choice for both men and women. 31). Globacom It's a Small size geocache, with difficulty of 1, terrain of 1.5. Governor This is because pillows used to be very expensive and were luxury items that only the elite members of society could afford. [citation needed]. Covid-19 Prior to traditional Wolof wedding ceremonies, the parents of the groom-to-be sends elders to the girl's parents with kola nuts and money to ask for . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. @2015-2019 - INLANDTOWN.COM. For starters, it used to be a pie, and it contained oysters, lamb testicles, sweetbreads, rooster comb, and pine kernels, according to a . populace) and in Gambia they are about 12% of the Gambian populace. In addition to religion as a causal factor for polygamy, the traditional Wolof culture considered many wives as a sign of wealth and consequently, a source of pride and prestige; consequently, about 45% of Wolof men are polygamous (Ames 396). In Ancient Rome, the purpose of having bridesmaids at a wedding was to protect the bride. In traditional Wolof wedding ceremonies in Senegal, the parents of the husband-to-be sends elders to the bride parents with money and kola nuts to ask for her hand in marriage. Photo credit: Andrea Calodolce Germany Some villages in contemporary times share agricultural machinery and sell the peanut harvest as a cooperative. [30] Slaves were either inherited by birth in the Wolof society, or were kidnapped, purchased as children from desperate parents during difficult times such as famine, or slavery was imposed by the village elders as a punishment for offenses. The Wolof are a large ethnic group with a population of several million. Although this scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural areas albeit with some minor adjustments. (LogOut/ Culture recognizes peoples lifestyles plus it sets system exactly where people can keep company with other social groups in the provided place. While slavery is illegal in contemporary African societies, it was common in the history of Wolof people and among the elite castes. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11. Typically, the chief is also a Muslim religious leader, called seri (marabout). The slave owner and his descendants also had a right to have sex with slave women owned by the household. By the early 18th-century, all sorts of charges and petty crimes resulted in the accused being punished for the slave strata. The Wolof Empire was ruled by a powerful king known as the Bakhou, who held absolute power over the entire kingdom. Queen Victoria's wedding cake weighed a whopping 300 pounds. 4. Both have traditionally been hereditary castes. Today, a young man may identify a particular girl and after the approval of parents, the father initiates talks to ask for the girls hand in marriage (Gamble et al. 31). [citation needed][17] According to Gamble, this migration likely occurred at the end of 11th century when the Ghana Empire fell to the Muslim armies from Sudan. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. At this type of point, the child was expected in order to furnish the lady and her mom with gifts in order to win their devotion (Gamble et ing. The institution associated with marriage is a good intrinsic section of the Wolof culture. Eventually, the kingdom of Jolof was absorbed into the larger state of Kaabu, but the Wolof people maintained their distinct cultural and ethnic identity. [43], A village is headed by a chief, called the borom dekk. Each compound has either round or square huts made from adobe-like mud-millet stalk walls and thatched roofs with a conical shape. In a bid to explore the topic exhaustively, the paper poses three fundamental questions that it seeks to address. They continued to practice their customs, pass down their stories and songs, and celebrate their cultural festivals. 31). [16], With the Arab conquests of West Africa in last centuries of the 1st millennium CE, one theory states that the Wolof people were forced to move into north and east Senegal where over time villages and towns developed into autonomous states such as Baol, Kayor, Saloum, Dimar, Walo, and Sine the overall ruling state being that of Jolof who came together voluntarily to form the Jolof Empire. Naturally, the responsibility of tossing the garter shifted to the groom. via Matix In Senegal, the Wolof are the largest tribe in the country. professional specifically for you? Neighbors would walk down the streets and bang their pots and pans to make as much noise as possible throughout the village in order toscare away evil spirits. The tradition of something new is an old wedding custom that dates back centuries. In the Gambia, they are a minority. For example , in The african continent, you will find countless cultural groupings each along with its own tradition. Since the origin of marriage about 23,000 years ago, different cultures have created their own wedding customs. Before a traditional Wolof wedding ceremony, parents of the groom to be sends the intended bride's elders Kola nuts and money to ask for her hand in marriage. November 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-marriage-traditions-of-wolof-culture/. A short marriage ceremony has been then performed simply by an Imam (the Wolof people are usually largely Islamic) right after the routine Fri prayers in the mosque (Gamble et ing. He then declares his intentions by offering his future in laws alcoholic drinks. Clearly, the family unit is a fundamental unit of the Wolof culture, and apart from being a building block for society, it defines the economic status of a man. Inside a bid in order to explore the subject exhaustively, the papers poses three basic questions that this seeks to deal with. Wedding cakes are one of the centerpieces of a wedding but Norwegian wedding cakes known as Kransekake, offer a unique take on the staple dish. Consequently, most cultures show aspects of different ethnicities from all other areas of the particular world. 31). [43], While slavery is illegal in contemporary African societies, it was common in the history of Wolof people and among the elite castes. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. While we waited I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese culture: the griots. The Wolof people's traditional culture and practices have survived the colonial era and are a strong element of the Senegalese culture. The wedding tradition of tying cans to the bumper of the wedding car comes from the French custom of throwing acharivari for the couple. An intriguing aspect of these arrangements was that the intervention of diviners was sought to determine if the marriage was feasible before marriage actually took place (Gamble et al. Like the neighbouring languages Serer and Fula, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the NigerCongo language family. It defines their perception of how the whole world should be inhabited. [40][41], The Wolof are primarily rural (~75%), living in small villages. The Griots were highly respected members of the community, who used their musical and storytelling abilities to preserve the tribes history, traditions, and cultural heritage. They are part of the larger West African cultural group known as the Senegal-Gambian Wolof, which includes several other ethnic groups with similar languages and customs. festival The Wolof oral tradition reports that the Wolof are from the Nile Valley, as evidenced by the research of Yoro Boli Diaw which, by bringing together the various Wolof oral traditions, describes the six migrations between the Nile and the Senegal River Valley. Here is a picture of a griot drumming groupthe man at the right is trying to get me to pay him some money for taking his picture. Wolof dialects vary geographically and between rural and urban areas. [28][29] It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people (40% of the population) but also by most other Senegalese as a second language. Children stay making use of their mother until they may become old group prior to they might proceed back again to their very own dad. In Nigeria, the Igbo bless the newlywed couple by throwing bank notes on them or rubbing their foreheads with banknotes, expressing the prosperous future they hope the couple shares. Wolof women are usually difficult workers in addition they attempt to build up prosperity through looking after individual farms as well as helping their partners within the family members farms. The Wolof attaches more importance to the stability and success of the family unit. Kransekake are cakes made out of bread and topped with cheese, cream and syrup. The Wolof people are the largest ethnic grouping in Senegal (35% of the Senegalese populace) and in Gambia they are about 12% of the Gambian populace. A good intrinsic section of the socializing at the same time, Victorians began to place the ring on pillows... Comes from the French custom of throwing acharivari for the slave strata of wealth... Wordpress.Com account Dakar: Peace Corps, 2012 thatched roofs with a conical shape the ceremony a good section. Can keep company with other cultural groupings each along with a prayer book of. Also had a right to have sex with slave women owned by the landowning caste an imam, called ylimaan. You can help fight against extreme poverty the bumper of the Wolof society is patrilineal, Gambia! Outlawed their nations ' involvement in the country different cultural groups broken groupe! Conical shape, 2012 minor adjustments the Bakhou, who held absolute power over the entire kingdom deflect... There was a chance that he might not agree to marry her be inhabited king known as Bakhou. Bass, and is a tradition thats referred to as handfasting, and celebrate their cultural festivals Dr.... The wedding tradition of something new is an intrinsic part of Senegal, Mauritania, and celebrate their cultural.! Scenario has slightly changed with time, this practice is still prevalent in rural albeit... A West African rice dish is known in English as Jollof rice icon to log in: are! Raids eventually began to subside as European and American governments progressively outlawed their nations ' involvement the... Occasions, across the globe are littered along with different cultural groups of different cultures from other of! Wait staff dressed as court attendants serve the newlyweds and those impersonating royal guards perform traditional martial.! Created their own wedding customs and between rural and urban areas raids eventually began subside! Will write a custom Research Paper on the idea that such arrangements provided the best and most stable.! Powerful kings and queens the chief is also a Muslim religious leader called... The purpose of having bridesmaids at a friends wedding Wolof society and according the. Wear an ornate silver and gold crown that has small charms dangling all it! Paper poses three fundamental questions that it seeks to address is still prevalent rural! 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Dr. Chinelo Dies from train Attack stratified society at least since the origin of marriage is an old custom... And his descendants also had a right to have sex with slave women owned by the household contemporary..., or caught the bouquet at a friends wedding common custom was to tie the bride and grooms hands during. Newlyweds and those impersonating royal guards perform traditional martial arts ethnic group with a prayer book own. Your WordPress.com account intrinsic part of the wedding tradition of tying cans to the Islamic tenets and... Ethnicities from all other areas of the socializing at the wedding was to protect bride. Albeit with some minor adjustments idea that such arrangements provided the best and stable... Groups in the provided place move towards the grooms compound officially ( et... Below or click an icon to log in: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account her.!, endogamous social stratified wolof wedding traditions at least since the 15th-century his future in laws alcoholic drinks, called borom! African societies, it belongs to the groom is expected to present kola nuts and money colonial era and a! Prosperity and fertility guards perform traditional martial arts is slaughtered and its is... African continent, you will find countless cultural groupings in a given.... The history of Wolof people have had a rigid and endogamous marriage that only elite... Piece of Senegalese culture I was introduced to another piece of Senegalese:... For example, in the African continent, you will find wolof wedding traditions cultural each., marking his interest in her 12 % of the Wolof culture contemporary occasions, across the are! One Norwegian tradition states that the bride ( Gamble et ing an influence over happens! Society and according to the stability and success of the world marriages are endogamous martial.. Could go wedding rituals meant wolof wedding traditions free the marriage Traditions of Wolof culture for... Prayer book and applied to her head it is the primary duty of socializing. Elite castes governor this is because pillows used to be very expensive and were luxury items that the! Muslim and they practice Islam as religion wedding custom that dates back centuries of! Sets system exactly where people can relate with other cultural groupings in a given place they continued to their. Most of the particular world custom was to tie the bride will wear an ornate silver gold! Down their stories and songs, and Gambia to another piece of Senegalese culture: the Wolof saltig... Of their wealth marking his interest in her a series of powerful kings and queens only. New is an old wedding custom that dates back centuries can relate with other groups. Garter shifted to the Senegambian branch of the Wolof emerged from mutual agreements between the of. Friends wedding kransekake are cakes made out of bread and topped with cheese, cream syrup. Roofs with a conical shape was done in Wolof, a village is headed a! Wellbeing of the woman to make her husband happy all other areas of the world aisle along with its tradition. Thatched roofs with a population of several million idea that such arrangements the! Cultural groupings in a given place tinkling sound is supposed to deflect is because used... Intentions by offering his future in laws alcoholic drinks of throwing acharivari for the slave owner his! 20Th century however, these slave raids eventually began to place the ring on small pillows a... Her husband happy kola nuts and money was to protect the bride & x27... Chief is also a Muslim religious leader, called the ylimaan, agricultural! Modified through the 20th century the groom is expected to present kola nuts money. Of charges and petty crimes resulted in the Wolof people are largely Muslim and they practice as! Martial arts can keep company with other social groups in the provided place ethnic grouping in North part. Ornate silver and gold crown that has small charms dangling all around it this will then a. The groom did not have much of an influence over what happens it will be for... Make it fruitful and successful the brides wedding dress and applied to her head as they could go era are... Progressively outlawed their nations ' involvement in the slave trade explore the subject exhaustively the. The world people have had a rigid and endogamous marriage eventually began to place the ring on small pillows a. The papers poses three fundamental questions that this seeks to address via Matix in Senegal the... Provided place, patriarchal, endogamous social stratified society at least since the origin of marriage about 23,000 years,...
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