[163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. The country encompasses a total area of 237,955 square km and had a population of 6,492,228 in 2015. Mapcarta, the open map. 500 BC - The Plain of Jars, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Southeast Asia, dates from between 500 BC and 500 AD. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. . The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. The International Monetary Fund ranked Laos 36th out of 42 Asian countries in 2018. [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). The Lao subsequently established their own kingdom named the Lan Xang in 1354. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [155] The National University of Laos is the Lao state's public university. [139]:8 Electricity is available to 93% of the population. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Laos is a Lao speaking country that does not border with any sea. . "Patuxai is a war monument in the centre of Vientiane, Laos, which was built between 1957 and 1968. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. Buddha Park, also known as Xieng Khuan, is a . The king then secretly sent Prince Kindavong to represent Laos to the Allied forces and Prince Sisavang as representative to the Japanese. The mining industry of Laos has received prominent attention with foreign direct investments. [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. It was built in 1556, when the capital was moved from Luang Prabang to Vientiene, and took 6 years to complete. [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . The mountainous geography of Laos had impeded Laos's ground transportation development throughout the 20th century. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. The indigenous Khmers are believed to have been largely displaced or killed during the 11th and 12th centuries, when the Lao people entered the region. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. In 1899, Vientiane became the capital of the French protectorate of Laos, which ensured further development in the city. In 2017, Laos suffered fiscal and monetary difficulties which resulted in low levels of foreign reserves. [85] Several thousand Hmong people, fearing forced repatriation to Laos if they were not accepted for resettlement in the United States, fled the camp to live elsewhere within Thailand where a sizeable Hmong population has been present since the 19th century. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. The khaen traditionally accompanied the singer in mor lam, the dominant style of folk music. The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Most of these projects will be carried out through public-private partnerships under the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) model as the government is encouraging the private sector . The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Phrabang became ruler of a unified Laos, and Vientiane once again became the capital. The Tai-Kadai Languages, ":: Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.o.c. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. Hanoi shares experience with Lao NA delegation. [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. Laos(nume oficial: Republica Popular Democrat Laos) este un stat fr ieire la mare din Asia de Sud-Est, ce se nvecineaz cu Birmania (Myanmar) i China la nord-est, cu Vietnamul la est, cu Cambodgia la sud i cu Thailanda la vest. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. 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