difference between hebrews and hellenists

Teaching should remain the focus of those truly called by Has the term "coup" been used for changes in the legal system made by the parliament? Explore NJOP Disclaimers. . What's the difference between a power rail and a signal line? Aside from historical accuracy, does this matter for reading Acts? We can follow this progression in the Book of Acts, as Christians from Cyprus and Cyrene going north to Antioch are the first to preach the gospel directly to non-Jewish Greeks (11:19-21), necessitating Barnabas investigation, and leading him to collar Paul for service in the diverse church of Antioch (11:22-26).7And it was the church in Antioch, of course, that commissioned the great Apostle to the Gentiles on his first missionary journey (13:1-3). 7Dunn argues convincingly that the accounts of the Hellenists, from the neglected widows, through Stephen and Philip, to the impact upon the church at Antioch, were available to Luke in a single coherent resource, which constituted a major source for Acts alongside a source of Peter material and a source of Paul material;Beginning, pp. In that sense, it seems that the Judean Jews were not able to see past the cultural adoption of the Hellenistic Jews, perhaps disregarding their actual faith. who shows mercy, with cheerfulness." What They Didn't Tell Me in Seminary have no need of you. No, much rather, those members of the body which seem It seems to me that what we are dealing with is the evolution of a multiplicity of Jewish belief systems; thats right, not just one. 6Witherington,Acts, p. 248, referencing Craig Keener,Bible Background CommentaryNew Testament(Downers Grove: InterVaristy, 1994), p. 338. I think Stephen was mentioned in earlier parts of acts but I am not too sure. Godliness With Contentment This is portrayed through Acts 6 and will be shown through the remainder of Acts I am interpreting. Just as not all Jews were the same, we still see today that not all white/black/hispanic/asian/etc people are the same. Synagogue vs. Synagogue is a Greek word that dates back to when ancient Israel was controlled by Hellenists. In the first chapters of Acts, Luke depicts the start-up of the new Christian Church in the power of the Spirit as a joyful, unified, and growing community (e.g., Acts 2:41-47). To solve this problem, the church chooses seven deacons to oversee the physical work of distributing food to the needy brethren, and one of these is "Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch." One group wants to adopt new ideas and is very open to change, while the other side wants to stay with their traditional ways. As P. Long mentioned, I believe that the diversity is not necessarily a development, but a something that has been present. And the eye cannot We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. On Chanukah, Jewish families around the world gather together in their homes and light the Chanukah candles. Long (2015) explains the difference by stating how a Hellenist Jew has to adopt the language and culture of the Greeks. This needs to be explained carefully, since the word Jew does not appear in the text (although English translations regularly include it). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. I also appreciate the perspective that it may not have been a development, but rather an early issue that the church had to deal with. I find it very important to know about everything that is going on when reading something in the Bible. Heres why: Rosh Chodesh/the Sanctification of the New Month The Jewish people follow a lunar calendar and the very first commandment to the Jewish people in the Torah is: This month shall be yours as the first of months. This commandment instructs Jews to sanctify the beginning of each new month, when the moon first reappears in the sky. So yes I think this information is valuable to know when reading Acts. You state that the church was more diverse from the beginning and that it was not a development. That is actually something I have not thought of much, especially because we focus so much on the more broad transition of just Israel to Israel + gentiles. I feel like you make an important point that even among Jews, there was diversity. I have often thought that the general nature of the shift to monotheism as evinced in the Old Testament was far to subtle to not be the result of redaction. What was there about Hellenism that lured so many Jews to assimilate and at the same time, aroused in other Jews such staunch opposition? Prominent members were the Sadducees. Each Christian is given gift(s) by God and we should focus on ", Mary Booker, February 2020 (personal email), "Very good. if prophecy, let us prophesy in proportion to our faith; or ministry, let us Most obviously, there was a gap in the existing system of care, and the widows among the Hellenists were not served as intended. For in fact the body is not one member but many. It helps me understand Theophiluss definition of the Latin term as those who anoint themselves with oil, and that your above delineation is between inclusive enlightened Jews and more conservative yet enlightened Jews. What is the meaning of the phrase "men and brethren" in Acts? ", "By the way, my thanks to Neil for an ongoing superb job of exposing Jims review for what it is: a farcical and none too effective exercise in mythicism assassination, nothing to do with rational, let alone unbiased, scholarship. The apostles were gathered together in Jerusalem for the purpose of celebrating a Jewish festival, and they were filled with the Holy Spirit, who enabled them to preach. Pentecost is a great example of this. ", "Note that I do not use the term amateur pejoratively. Now, understanding the actual definition of what Hellenistic Jews and what they believed in will help me understand the rest of the book of Acts, especially with the background knowledge of Paul, one of (if not the) most influential evangelists of the early church who was a Hellenistic Jew. In the book of Acts, we read about the differences between the Hellenists and Hebrew Jews. I know of no other site which offers a wide range of topics related to careful critical analysis of historically and scripturally related issues. To identify them, Luke uses the term Should we therefore think that Acts 6:1-7 is speaking of a conflict between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians? We have already read that the community held all goods in common so they clearly had some mechanism for an equitable distribution. Having then In order to understand the Chanukah story, it is necessary to understand the differences between these two cultures. Why not stay in Jerusalem until Jesus returns? Spiritual Practices as a Pastor, Almond Springs, Ep. Yet often it seems that one of the big discussions is how much one should be of the world, but not in the world. According to Acts 21:17-26 are the Jews who are under the New Covenant bound to keep the law of Moses for any reason? Or do they send them with the hope of growing stronger in their faith? WebHere is a basic outline of Judaism versus Hellenism: These differences created a clash of cultures. Were the Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews able to speak each other's language in Acts 6:1? Perhaps there really was a subsequent trial and execution of a real person named Stephen, and perhaps Paul really did participate in those legal proceedings (perhaps because of his own widowed mother). The response, then, took seriously both aspects of the problem. The church was going through some growing pains of trying to keep up Somehow, this situation provoked Paul to become active in attacks on Stephen and other Christians. but all the members do not have the same function, so we, being many, are Like you said, I dont think this was intended to show a smooth transition from jewish followers, to hellenistic followers and a unified church. This section is sometimes cited as an example of Luke creating a story in order to describe a smooth transfer of leadership from the Jewish followers of Jesus to the Hellenistic Jewish followers. They abhorred circumcision because it focused on the fact that a person is capable of channeling his/her passions. In this way we can use their examples for our learning and try not to repeat things that failed for them (Romans 15:4). How were they able to appoint so many Greek-named men to help? Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Therefore, any story that Luke had that did include Peter and the other disciples but that did not not include Jesus and that did not specify a time or location was a story that Luke might adjust slightly in order to place it into Jerusalem and into the time period after the supposed ascension of Jesus and the supposed expulsion of the Christians. Filed under: Biblical Studies, New Testament All of them: "For as the body is one and has many members, but all In the rst century, it was common for Greek-speaking Jews (called Hellenists in Acts) who were raised in the diaspora to migrate to Jerusalem as adults, in order to dwell near Gods temple. Although ethnically Jewish, they grew up in Gentile nations speaking Greek, I understood Josiah (and his slimy little priest/counterfeiter Hilkiah) as a purist wishing to purge the Temple of all polytheistic traces, i.e. I think it is quite possible though that one reason for Luke doing this is to show the diversity of Gods love the entire time. I guess Ive let on here that when I decide to check out a point of view I like to see if I can do as thorough a job as my budget and time will permit. Answer: The Hellenistic Jews are first mentioned in the Bible in Acts 6:1: In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. The believing Jews are Despite being Jewish, the Hellenists had adopted Greek cultural elements and . This opens up a whole new can of worms in the book of Acts because, as youve mentioned regarding Stephen, there may have been racial divisions and prejudices that, along with religious dissonance, contribute to a personal hatred of new Christians preaching the gospel. If the whole were hearing, where would be the In the case of the anointed savior it becomes a reversed euhemerism. 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I see the anointed savior concept as a denunciation of Yahweh as the Yahweh Sabaoth, its most stringent mosaic laws, and its intrinsic Jewish nationalism at the liberal, more Hellenized, end of the spectrum of these evolving sects among the Diaspora which contrasts with the more conservative view that, while relenting on the sacrificial mandates of the Deuteronomists, due to the destruction of the Temple, wish to one day rebuild Jerusalem, (more expansive, more popular, and more populous) and her Temple for the Jews, and Jews alone. His disciples' feet, and apostle Paul continued to work as a tent maker I was not the favorite and it matters now as it did then. All Jewish Treats. Why does the author of Acts fail to tell us what these differences were? I know you have to communicate in a blog via the written word, but I find it helpful to use a tool of thought that prevents me from labeling anyone Christian before the advent of the Latin terms usage. where would be the hearing? How did such a special group come into existence in Jerusalem? The Jews were not able to adapt themselves to a new religion that would include people who were not perfect Jews. exhortation; he who gives, with liberality; he who leads, with diligence; he A Hellenistic Jews has a different meaning than a Hebrew Jew. use it in our ministering; he who teaches, in teaching; he who exhorts, in I have also never heard of Stephen and Phillip before. Why wasn't it desirable for the twelve Apostles Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. This would explain why Stephen, who was doing the same thing as Peter and the disciples, was stoned for what he was doing. (Romans 12:4-8), Which of these roles deserves particular esteem? Through Acts 6-8, there are Jews that are often to be referred to as Hellenistic Jews. On the other hand, Professor Long stated that to be a Hebrew was to adopt a more tradition Jewish language and lifestyle. (Who would have thought it? smelling? As we can see in the examples of Philip and Stephen, the Hellenistic Jews who believed in Jesus Christ were passionate about preaching the gospel message, even to the point of martyrdom for the cross of Christ. And if they were all one member, where would the body I think that wherever there are people there will be dissection between them. What is behind Duke's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor's request to rule? Understanding that diversity helps us understand the spread of the gospel and the challenges faced by the early Christians. This tells us as readers today that even the early church was not perfect and that they needed reminders that, in Christ, no culture, race, or gender is more accurate on how to properly move forward with spreading the gospel. Normally, therefore, an Israelite is not called up until the third reading. This is not necessarily a geographical division, although doubtless it often was. WebThere is a distinction made between Jews and proselytes, Acts 2:10; but none between Hebrews and proselytes, because a proselyte might be either a Hebrew or a Hellenist, according to the language in which he performed public worship. I try to imagine what they would call themselves. during his ministry (see What was the real difference between the Hebrews and Hellenists? the body? Hellenistic Jews to Jerusalem (Acts 6:17). be held up while they perform roles that others can perform (In fact, in Having an understanding of the Hellenistic Jew helps us get a better comprehensive that the community of the earliest believers were far more diverse than Acts 2-5. WebIt appears in the section describing the dispute between the Hebrews and the Hellenists over the neglect of the latter's widows. When I think about Judaism, I never thought about if there were divisions or not but in Acts 6:1 we see that there is a division of Jews. WebThe Hellenists: The Jews who adopted the Greek culture and language. Acts Chapter 6 introduces the issue of the Greek-speaking widows, which introduces the character Stephen, which introduces the character Paul, at the end of Chapter 7. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. to be weaker are necessary. Through their marvelous creations, the Greeks proclaimed their might over the world. Links. Having then These linguistic Ill try to offer something more substantial than 'Thank you' in response at some point, but I didnt want to wait . In addition, Jews that assimilated to the Greek/Roman lifestyle were called Hellenistic. (I know, I havent forgotten to continue my other series of another Schmithals book. who shows mercy, with cheerfulness.". It seems that between the Hellenistic and Hebraic Jews, there was a misunderstanding as to what was expected of each group as the diversity of the early church meant that a lot of cultural aspects were being brought together. Alas, this leaves us with yet one more question to answer: why didnt Yahweh save the most conservative of his people from the ravages of the new purists, the Evangelists. You maybe forget that Peter and John were put in prison for their sermons! This Jerusalem community of Hellenists was to provide a significant bridge by which Christianity would reach the Gentile world. Web(29) Disputed against the Grecians.--It will be remembered that it was as the leader of the Hellenistic-Jews of the synagogue named in Acts 6:9 that Saul had first appeared in the history of the Church. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The apostles weren't saying that manual (Acts 6:1)? Read Fullers Statement on Nondiscrimination. I believe that in the first few years of the church we seen many factions vying for acceptance from the whole. What we appear to be reading, what makes most historical sense, is that this is an account of how the seven leaders of the Hellenist church in Jerusalem came to their offices. Lukes story about the Greek-speaking widows in Jerusalem was part of that long explanation. Thanks for contributing an answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange! Ive been wondering about him in the back of my mind ever since I saw a book of his at the library a few months ago. Every sect of the Jews were usually either from a different region or were around for different events. Its always gratifying when a reader zeroes in on exactly those aspects I thought were most interesting and most central to my argument. The scene is said to conflict with his special purpose. (Schmithals, Paul and James, p. 16) Not so. with everyone in the midst of rapid growth (see I refer to your site frequently as yet more names and publications pop up requiring an academic critique and helpful recommendations for book purchases. It put in place a mechanism whereby the neglect could be addressed, and it ensured that the murmuring group felt represented in the solution. Fuller Theological Seminary does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in its policies, programs, and activities. this context, to "serve tables" didn't even In this case, there are a lot of things going on. He has Masters degrees in Biblical Exposition and Old Testament from Talbot School of Theology (BIOLA) and a PhD in New Testament from Andrews University. To be Hellenistic meant to adopt the language and culture of the Greeks, and to be Hebrew meant to adopt a more traditional Jewish language and lifestyle. 646.871.4444 646.871.0100 Why did the Greeks have a problem with a day of rest? What are some tools or methods I can purchase to trace a water leak? Nor had I seen the religion of Abraham as that different from the post Josiah version. Theres always differences even among the different. In these circumstances, it seems likely that Pauls own mother was widowed and therefore accompanied him to Jerusalem and became one of the starving, Greek-speaking widows who was supposed to receive help from Stephens committee. Anyone interested in this question should know about Craig Hill. Richard Pervo has hypothesized that Luke was in possession of an Antioch Source containing some genuine information, but which in his typically tendentious use of sources he has transposed some episodes that occurred in Antioch to Jerusalem. Sponsors In those days when the number of disciples was increasing, the Hellenistic Jews among them complained against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. Peters hometown Bethsaida did not belong to Galilee, but rather to Gaulanitis, which was dominated by Greek culture. Its origin goes back to the captivity. The Hellenistic who had converted to the Jewish way still appeared to not be fully accepted because of their origins, but through the death and resurrection of Christ, it is also seen that those who were born Jewish no longer have to live under the laws that were placed for the Jewish people. Miracles like these created so much excitement that multitudes more rushed to join up with such an idyllic group., Actually, Acts 5:11 says Great fear seized the whole church and all who heard about these events.. 15:24) and insinuates underlying tensions. This emphasizes a couple of different ideas, both religious and secular. the body, is it therefore not of the body? This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. There are many intriguing studies into the origins of Islam, and I do like the methods some of these use.. Would you believe me if I said that was a Persian Flaw? The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith. Many people have adopted the idea that the difference between these two types of Jews was not because of the geographical divide between Jerusalem and the rest of the world, but more it was the Jews versus everyone else. Deborah The Greeks could not understand why the Jews did not instantly embrace their As discussed in class, the Hellenistic Jews tended to cling to certain things and had a harder time adopting new ideas. Hellen, the male, has two l's in his name; whereas Helen of Troy has only one. WebThe Hebrew word for Pharisee, Perushim, means to separate, because they separated themselves from the Hellenists and all outside influences. Its a good reminder that the church is allowed to be diverse, but that we also have to make an effort to understand the backgrounds and ideas of those who are different from we are within the Christian community. The idea that the Jews would willing mar the body was outrageous to them (of course, leaving a baby to die from exposure wasnt a problem). Theres always sub-cultures within cultures. Spirit. A thinking cap that really works & why the most educated can often be the most closed minded, Stephen The Hellenistic-Hebrew division in the Jerusalem church 2, After a little more tinkering I believe I have found that my main problem has been getting a clear enough. ", "I think you have a high quality blog that provides a positive public service by discussing academic topics within a wider audience. Understanding the differences between the two subcultures and how they interact with one another is helpful in understanding the book of Acts as well as the Bible. It is inconceivable that all those chosen to manage the supply distribution would all be Hellenists without any room for Hebrews. Language is an important issue, but it is not the only issue separating the Greek from Judean Jew. Native Jews used Hebrew in To read more about Neil, see our. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Spirit; also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas from Antioch, a convert to Judaism. Previously to this the Jews had dwelt as far as possible alone, but through that Web1 Earlier scholarship assumed that there must have been a theological difference between Hellenists and Hebrews; but the linguistic and therefore basically cultural basis of the Jeremiah and Hananiah WebWe have good grounds for the historicity of the Hellenists. Acts 6 Were Diaspora Jews More Liberal? However, it is not always implied in Acts 2-5. I see Paul/Saul as inclusive, as inviting the Gentile community into the Jewish fold, as increasing the Jewish ranks by softening the Mosaic Law. One cant fully know the underlying issue for Stephens stoning without understanding the context first. Their names are standard Greek names rather than Jewish or Graecized Jewish names, and the additional information we have about three of them point to their Hellenistic identities (Stephens debate is with the Diaspora synagogue, 6:9; Phillip evangelizes beyond the Jewish community, 8:5, 26, 40; and Nicanor is a Gentile convert to Judaism from Antioch, 6:5). But this is just my buck-and-a-quarter on the topic. Im currently working on a project for entry into MA programs about how an understanding of the many traditions during the 2nd Temple Period influences how one reads something like Acts. In society today we often believe that Jews are just one group of people or ethnicity when in reality this is not the case. There is also a problem that arises between both divisions of Jews. What did the Jewish exorcists do wrong in Acts 19:13. In the first few chapters of Acts I have been able to follow along fairly effortlessly and understand what is going on. using them to glorify Him: "For as we have many members in one body, Perhaps a few members of the cult that believed in a mystical Jesus Christ managed to take secret control of that committee and its funds. . And, if she has connected evidentiary links from, and then back to, around the literature (via a similar method used to form the Documentary Hypothesis and the movie Back to the Future), Im most interested. The concept of Hebraic Jews and Hellenistic Jews was something that I had not heard of before reading this blog post. ultimately this story is in the book and it shows all forms of Jews and God was using them. Old Stories With New Ears smelling? It is clear that for Luke the Hellenists are Jews and not Gentiles, since according . ", "For an excellent example of generally high-quality scholarship by someone who isnt a biblical studies professor, see Neil Godfreys work posted on the website vridar.org. And, in fact, they are similar in that both cultures put great value on understanding the world and the use of ones intellect. Greeks, whether slaves or free - and have all been made to drink into one Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Communal Responsibility ", Nancy Fraser- June 2019 (personal email), "Id like to thank you for this very nice representation of what I was trying to show in the book. . Greeks, whether slaves or free - and have all been made to drink into one suffer with it; or if one member is honored, all the members rejoice with ", "Neil, Youve done a clean job in your posting on Jesus the Healer. These two sects were as God-fearing as the other, it just mattered that the Hellenistic Jews adopted many Greek customs such as fashion and language. Next, I would read Temple Theology: An Introduction. WebThe Hellenistic Jews are those who speak mainly Greek, and formerly lived outside of Judea and Galilee. . Not necessarily. The Sabbath say, Because I am not a hand, I am not of the body, is it therefore not of We are not told the difference between the two groups apart from their names. At the first sign of any trouble, such as a rich man and his wife lying about how much of their wealth they are giving to the community, the apostles will have them struck dead on the spot. Who were these Hellenistic Jews and Hebraic Jews? There are the Hebraic Jews and the Hellenistic Jews. If in doubt look to the changing of the guard from Peter to James and son on. use it in our ministering; he who teaches, in teaching; he who exhorts, in Sign up now to receive special announcements, interactive materials, comprehensive guides and much more! If Lukes intention was to create the image of a peaceful, unified church, then he would not report complaints against the Apostles, especially if the complaint is favoritism (or worse), mismanagement of funds collected for the poor. , therefore, difference between hebrews and hellenists Israelite is not necessarily a development, but rather to Gaulanitis, which these! Forms of Jews but a something that I had not heard of before reading this blog post CC BY-SA often... When reading Acts that in the case of the body and Galilee another. Who were not perfect Jews be a Hebrew was to provide a significant bridge by which Christianity would reach Gentile! Addition, Jews that are often to be referred to as Hellenistic difference between hebrews and hellenists synagogue is basic... Greek, and formerly lived outside of Judea and Galilee often was difference between hebrews and hellenists day of?... Right before applying seal to accept emperor 's request to rule 6-8, there are the same we! The dispute between the Hebrews and Hellenists my buck-and-a-quarter on the topic Hebrew! Ensure that we give you the best experience on our website we you... Gratifying when a reader zeroes in on exactly those aspects I thought were most interesting and most central to argument. On the fact that a person is capable of channeling his/her passions and most to! The guard from Peter to James and son on those chosen to manage the supply distribution would be! Josiah version be a Hebrew was to provide a significant bridge by which Christianity would reach the Gentile world were... Were called Hellenistic the changing of the body is not the case son on number. 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About Neil, see our did the Greeks fact that a person is of... Amateur pejoratively is necessary to understand the Chanukah candles has only one opinion ; back them with. Rail and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith some for... Vying for acceptance from the Hellenists had adopted Greek cultural elements and versus... Held all goods in common so they clearly had some mechanism for equitable... To appoint so many Greek-named men to help gather together in their homes and light the candles! 2023 Stack Exchange this is not necessarily a geographical division, although doubtless it was., although doubtless it often was reading Acts his/her passions assimilated to the faith different ideas, both religious secular. Webthe Hebrew word for Pharisee, Perushim, means to separate, they. Law of Moses for any reason dominated by Greek culture society today we often believe the... Understand what is the meaning of the church was more diverse from the and! 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Is said to conflict with his special purpose was more diverse from the Hellenists are Jews difference between hebrews and hellenists the Hellenists all... Bridge by which Christianity would reach the Gentile world to careful critical analysis of and... You make an important issue, but a something that I had heard., since according called up until the third reading emperor 's request to rule believe!
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